Widespread nociceptive maps in the human neonatal somatosensory cortex
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, University College London, United Kingdom
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Obstetric Wing, University College London Hospitals, United Kingdom
Figures
Figure 1 with 2 supplements
Significant channel-wise haemodynamic response following innocuous (touch) and noxious (lance) mechanical stimulation of hand and heel.
Average significant change in concentration of oxygenated (Δ[HbO]) (red) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (Δ[Hb]) (blue) during (a) hand touch (n = 11), (b) heel touch (n = 16), and (c) heel lance (n = …
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Figure 1—source data 1
Significant concentration changes at each channel following innocuous mechanical stimulation (touch) of the heel and the hand and following heel lance.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/71655/elife-71655-fig1-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Non-significant channel-wise haemodynamic responses following innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation of hand and heel.
Average non-significant change in concentration of oxygenated (Δ[HbO]) (red) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (Δ[Hb]) (blue) during (a) hand touch (n = 11), (b) heel touch (n = 16), and (c) heel lance (n…
Figure 1—figure supplement 2
Average channel-wise Δ[HbO] response following innocuous mechanical stimulation of the hand and heel with and without excluding trials with movement.
Average change in concentration of oxygenated (Δ[HbO]) haemoglobin during (a) hand touch (n = 11) and (b) heel touch (n = 16) with (pink/green) and without (black) trials during which the infant …
Figure 2
Image reconstruction at peak latency of the Δ[HbO] and Δ[Hb] response to an innocuous (touch) and noxious (lance) mechanical stimulation of hand and heel.
Significant changes (compared to baseline) in concentration of oxygenated (Δ[HbO]) (top row) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (Δ[Hb]) (bottom row) following (a) hand touch (n = 11), (b) heel touch (n = …
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Comparison of the peak and area of activation of the Δ[HbO] response to an innocuous (touch) and noxious (lance) mechanical stimulation of the heel.
(a) Overall area of significant changes in concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) following heel lance (red), heel touch (pink), and both (orange). Black flags demark the location of peak …
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Figure 3—source data 1
Comparison of Δ[HbO] and Δ[Hb] responses to an innocuous (touch) and noxious (lance) mechanical stimulation of the heel.
Parameter estimates for the change in oxygenated haemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (Δ[Hb]) following a heel lance and heel touch, and p value from statistical comparison. A two-tailed test was used (α = 0.025) for all parameters except peak location (α = 0.05). The Euclidean distance between the heel touch and heel lance peak locations has been provided rather than x, y, z coordinates of each peak. Linked to Figure 3 and Figure 3—figure supplement 1 .
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/71655/elife-71655-fig3-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Comparison of the peak and area of activation of the Δ[Hb] response to an innocuous (touch) and noxious (lance) mechanical stimulation of the heel.
(a) Overall area of significant changes in concentration of deoxygenated haemoglobin (Δ[Hb]) following heel lance (dark blue), heel touch (pale blue), and both (mid blue). Black flags demark the …
Figure 4
Optode locations and sensitivity map.
(a) Typical functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) setup on a neonate of 35+2 weeks’ gestational age (GA), 7 days’ postnatal age (PNA). (b) Channel locations according to the international …
Author response image 1
Tables
Table 1
Infant demographics.
Demographic information about the subjects that received tactile and noxious stimuli of heel and hand.
| Heel lance | Heel touch | Hand touch | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 11 | 16 | 11 | |
| GA (weeks+days) | 39+2 (35+2–41+5) | 39+4 (35–42+3) | 39+2 (37+5–41+3) | 0.287 |
| PNA (days) | 4 (0–7) | 3 (0–6) | 3 (0–4) | 0.115 |
| Females | 4 (36%) | 6 (38%) | 5 (45%) | 0.889 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3134 (2220–4072) | 3250 (2360–4080) | 3300 (2450–3754) | 0.774 |
| Caesarean deliveries | 2 (18%) | 8 (50%) | 3 (27%) | 0.196 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 34 (32–35.5) | 34.25 (31–37) | 34 (32.5–36) | 0.900 |
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Values represent median and range or proportion. GA = gestational age (weeks from the first day of the mother’s last menstrual cycle to birth); PNA = postnatal age (days since birth). No significant difference was found in any demographic parameter across the three groups (one-way ANOVA results in the last column).
Table 2
Infant movements.
The number of infants who displayed movements or received tactile stimulation from their mother each second in the 30 s following lance.
| Number of infant and maternal movements | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-lance (s) | Hand | Head | Face | Foot | Arm | Mother touching face | Mother touching head |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 8 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
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Each movement or stimulation was scored as present (1) or not present (0) per infant, and the value in each cell represents the total number of infants (out of 11) for whom each movement or stimulation was observed.
