Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition proceeds through directional destabilization of multidimensional attractor
- University of Pittsburgh, United States
Abstract
How a cell changes from one stable phenotype to another one is a fundamental problem in developmental and cell biology. Mathematically a stable phenotype corresponds to a stable attractor in a generally multi-dimensional state space, which needs to be destabilized so the cell relaxes to a new attractor. Two basic mechanisms for destabilizing a stable fixed point, pitchfork and saddle-node bifurcations, have been extensively studied theoretically, however direct experimental investigation at the single cell level remains scarce. Here we performed live cell imaging studies and analyses in the framework of dynamical systems theories on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). While some mechanistic details remain controversial, EMT is a cell phenotypic transition (CPT) process central to development and pathology. Through time-lapse imaging we recorded single cell trajectories of human A549/Vim-RFP cells undergoing EMT induced by different concentrations of exogenous TGF-β in a multi-dimensional cell feature space. The trajectories clustered into two distinct groups, indicating that the transition dynamics proceeds through parallel paths. We then reconstructed the reaction coordinates and the corresponding quasi-potentials from the trajectories. The potentials revealed a plausible mechanism for the emergence of the two paths where the original stable epithelial attractor collides with two saddle points sequentially with increased TGF-β concentration, and relaxes to a new one. Functionally the directional saddle-node bifurcation ensures a CPT proceeds towards a specific cell type, as a mechanistic realization of the canalization idea proposed by Waddington.
Data availability
The computer code are shared on GitHub, so other researchers can run to reproduce Figure 3, 4, and 5. The processed single cell trajectory data are on Dryad
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A549 VIM-RFP EMT single cell trajectory dataDryad Digital Repository, RRID:SCR_005910.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK119232)
- Jianhua Xing
National Cancer Institute (R37 CA232209)
- Jianhua Xing
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- Wenying Shou, University College London, United Kingdom
Publication history
- Preprint posted: January 28, 2020 (view preprint)
- Received: October 20, 2021
- Accepted: February 6, 2022
- Accepted Manuscript published: February 21, 2022 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: March 14, 2022 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2022, Wang et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition proceeds through directional destabilization of multidimensional attractor
eLife 11:e74866.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.74866
Further reading
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When a fish beats its tail, it produces vortices in the water that other fish could take advantage of to save energy while swimming.
