Endo-lysosomal assembly variations among human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA class I) allotypes

  1. Eli Olson
  2. Theadora Ceccarelli
  3. Malini Raghavan  Is a corresponding author
  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, United States
  2. Graduate Program in Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, United States
8 figures and 2 additional files

Figures

Figure 1 with 1 supplement
Varying human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) dependencies on endo-lysosomal pH for surface expression on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs).

(A and B) moDCs from select donors (Supplementary file 1) were treated with bafilomycin A1 over a 4-hr time course and stained with monoclonal anti-Bw6 (A) or anti-Bw4 (B) antibodies to measure …

Figure 1—source data 1

Monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) bafilomycin time course.

Data for Figure 1A–C. Donors were selected to be heterozygous for one Bw6 and one Bw4 allotype with one or less cross-reactive HLA-C allotype per HLA-B allotype of interest. Monocytes were isolated and differentiated into moDCs for 7 d, followed by treatment with bafilomycin A1 for 1, 2, or 4 hr. HLA-B expression was measured with anti-Bw6 or anti-Bw4 and normalized relative to the untreated condition.

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Figure 1—source data 2

Human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) tapasin-dependence, transporter associated with antigen processing-dependence, and Shannon Entropy.

Data for Figure 1D–F. Re-analyzed from previous studies (Rizvi et al., 2014; Geng et al., 2018; Sarkizova et al., 2020) to describe HLA-B assembly modes.

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Figure 1—source data 3

BBM.1 and HC10 staining with and without bafilomycin.

Data for Figure 1H–I. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells were differentiated and pulsed with control (non-binding) peptide for 4 hr in the presence or absence of bafilomycin. Cells were stained with either BBM.1 (anti-β2m) or HC10 (anti-open human leukocyte antigen class I).

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Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) express human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) at least four times higher than HLA-C on the cell surface, as detected with anti-Bw6.

Donors were selected expressing either a single HLA-B allotype with a Bw6 epitope and no cross-reactive HLA-C (called HLA-B donor), or those with no anti-Bw6-reactive HLA-B, but with one to two …

Figure 1—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Relative anti-Bw6 cross-reactivity to human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C) on monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Data for Figure 1—figure supplement 1. Donors were selected that had either: (1) one Bw6-reactive HLA-B allotype and no cross-reactive HLA-C allotypes, or (2) no Bw6-reactive HLA-B allotypes and one to two cross-reactive HLA-C allotypes. Surface and total Bw6 was measured, and the ratio of HLA-B to HLA-C signal with anti-Bw6 was measured.

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Assessments of allotype-dependent differences in (human leukocyte antigen-Bw6) HLA-Bw6 surface stability and peptide occupancy in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs).

(A) Representative moDC HLA-Bw6 surface decay plots over a 4-hr time course after treatment with brefeldin A (BFA). (B) Average HLA-Bw6 half-life on moDCs extrapolated from BFA decay-rates. B*35:01+

Figure 2—source data 1

Monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) human leukocyte antigen B half-life with brefeldin A treatment.

Data for Figure 2A–B. moDCs were incubated with brefeldin A for various time points, followed by staining with Bw6 antibody. Sample data in (A) normalized to 0.25 hr. Data in (B) analyzed as described in methods to determine half-life.

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Figure 2—source data 2

Surface human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) thermal stability.

Data for Figure 2C. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells were differentiated and plated into 96 well plates. Cells were cultured at 37°C, or for 1 or 2 hr at room temperature and 42°C. Cells were then stained with anti-Bw6 to measure surface HLA-B, and normalized to 37°C.

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Figure 2—source data 3

Human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) bead pH peptide exchange (HC10).

Data for Figure 2D. HLA-B monomers were loaded with low-affinity peptide and washed, then exchanged with either no peptide, medium-affinity peptide, or high-affinity peptide in pH 4, 5, 6, or 7 buffer. Monomers were then bound to streptavidin beads and stained with HC10.

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Figure 2—source data 4

Human leukocyte antigen B peptide receptivity on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs).

Data for Figure 2E–F. moDCs were pulsed with B*08:01 or B*35:01 specific or control peptides for 4 hr, followed by washing and staining with the HC10 antibody. Pulses were performed at 37 or 4 °C.

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Figure 3 with 2 supplements
Significant accumulation of human leukocyte antigen-Bw6 (HLA-Bw6) in lysosomal (monocytes) or recycling endosomal (monocyte-derived dendritic cells [moDCs]) compartments.

(A) Representative confocal microscopy images of primary human monocytes stained for HLA-Bw6 co-localization with the early endosome marker EEA1, the recycling endosome marker Rab11, and the …

Figure 3—source data 1

Monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) object-based co-localization.

Data for Figure 3C–F. Monocytes or moDCs were plated onto poly-L-lysine-coated coverslips, fixed, and stained for Bw6 co-localization with either EEA1, Rab11, or LAMP1. Co-localization was assessed using object-based methods as described.

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Figure 3—source data 2

Monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell Pearson’s co-localization.

Data for Figure 3—figure supplement 1. Data from Figure 3 analyzed with the JACOP plugin on FIJI to measure co-localization.

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Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Pearson’s correlation analysis of monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) endo-lysosomal co-localization.

Data in Figure 3 were analyzed using the JACOP plugin on FIJI to calculate the Pearson’s correlation between human leukocyte antigen-Bw6 (HLA-Bw6) and each of the three endo-lysosomal markers. …

Figure 3—figure supplement 2
Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) have lower human leukocyte antigen-Bw6 cell surface stability compared to lymphocytes.

moDC Bw6 half-life data from B*08:01+ (A), B*35:01+ (B), or the combined (B*08:01+ and B*35:01+) (C) donors were compared to Bw6 half-life data in monocytes or various lymphocyte populations via a …

Figure 3—figure supplement 2—source data 1

Cell-type comparison of surface human leukocyte antigen B half-life.

Data for Figure 3—figure supplement 2. Monocyte-derived dendritic cell half-life data is compared to lymphocyte data from Yarzabek et al., 2018.

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Figure 4 with 1 supplement
Disruptions to endo-lysosomal pH alter human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B)*35:01 surface expression and induce lysosomal accumulation in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs).

Monocytes or moDCs were treated with 200 nM bafilomycin A1 for 1, 2, or 4 hr. Treatment with bafilomycin was followed by staining for surface markers and HLA-Bw6, followed by analysis via flow …

Figure 4—source data 1

Monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) bafilomycin time course.

Data for Figure 4A–D. Monocytes or moDCs were treated with bafilomycin for 1 or 4 hr, followed by staining with anti-Bw6 antibody. Expression normalized to untreated cells.

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Figure 4—source data 2

Monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) bafilomycin confocal microscopy.

Data for Figure 4F. moDCs were plated for microscopy as in Figure 3, but treated with bafilomycin for 4 hr and stained for Bw6 co-localization with LAMP1.

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Figure 4—source data 3

Monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) bafilomycin peptide receptivity.

Data for Figure 4G. moDCs were pulsed with specific or control peptides in the presence or absence of bafilomycin, followed by staining with the HC10 antibody.

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Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Reduced B*35:01 dependence on proteasomal processing in monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), and additional human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) localization/peptide receptivity studies in bafilomycin-treated cells.

(A) Monocytes were treated with MG132 over a 4-hr time course, and surface expression of HLA-Bw6 measured in B*08:01+ and B*35:01+ cells. Change in expression plotted relative to untreated. B*08:01+

Figure 4—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) MG132 time course.

Data for Figure 4—figure supplement 1A–B. Monocytes or moDCs were treated with MG132 for 1 or 4 hr, followed by staining with anti-Bw6 antibody. Expression normalized to untreated cells.

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Figure 4—figure supplement 1—source data 2

Supplemental confocal co-localization data.

Data for Figure 4—figure supplement 1D–F. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells were treated with bafilomycin for 4 hr, and co-localization of Bw6 with Rab11 or LAMP1 was measured. Object-based co-localization and Pearson’s correlation were both used.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/79144/elife-79144-fig4-figsupp1-data2-v2.xlsx
Figure 4—figure supplement 1—source data 3

Human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) bead pH peptide exchange (BBM.1).

Data for Figure 4—figure supplement 1G. HLA-B monomers were loaded with low-affinity peptide and washed, then exchanged with either no peptide, medium-affinity peptide, or high-affinity peptide in pH 4, 5, 6, or 7 buffer. Monomers were then bound to streptavidin beads and stained with BBM.1.

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Figure 4—figure supplement 1—source data 4

Monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) peptide receptivity (BBM.1).

Data for Figure 4—figure supplement 1H–I. moDCs were pulsed with specific or control peptides in the presence or absence of bafilomycin. Cells were stained with BBM.1 antibody.

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Cell type-dependent differences in antigen uptake and processing pathways.

(A) Monocytes or monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were pulsed with BSA labeled with Alexa fluor 594 for 15-min intervals, followed by washing, fixation, and flow cytometric analyses of …

Figure 5—source data 1

Monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) antigen uptake.

Data for Figure 5A. Monocytes or moDCs were pulsed in 15 min increments with BSA labeled with Alexa Fluor 594. AF594 signal normalized to no Ag.

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Figure 5—source data 2

Monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) pathways of exogenous antigen processing.

Data for Figure 5B–C. Monocytes or moDCs were pulsed with DQ-Ova antigen alone or in the presence of bafilomycin, MG132, or both. Pulses were also done at 4°C. DQ-Ova fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry and normalized to untreated (100%) and 4°C (0%).

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/79144/elife-79144-fig5-data2-v2.xlsx
Figure 6 with 2 supplements
Cross-presentation of epitopes derived from Epstein-Barr virus proteins by B*35:01 compared to B*08:01.

(A) B*08:01-RAK cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from donor 9, B*08:01-FLR CTLs from donor 9, B*35:01-EPL CTLs from donor 16, and B*35:01-YPL CTLs from donor 40 were used in peptide titration …

Figure 6—source data 1

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) peptide titration.

Data for Figure 6A. B*08:01 or B*35:01 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were pulsed with tenfold increments of peptide, followed by co-culture with Ag-specific CTLs for 5 hr. CTLs were stained for surface CD107a degranulation and intracellular IFNγ. Data normalized to 100 µM concentration.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/79144/elife-79144-fig6-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 6—source data 2

Monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) cross-presentation of BZLF1 and EBNA3A.

Data for Figure 6C–H. Monocytes or moDCs were pulsed with antigen for 6 hr, followed by co-culture with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for 5 hr. CTLs were stained for activation markers, and antigen cross-presentation data was normalized to activation with peptide.

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Figure 6—figure supplement 1
Antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation is not cross-reactive within the same antigen source.

B*08:01+ or B*35:01+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells were pulsed with peptide for 6 hr, followed by washing and co-culture with CTLs for 5 hr. CTL activation following co-culture was assessed by …

Figure 6—figure supplement 2
Peptide and soluble antigen presentation by monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs).

(A–D) Antigen presentation of peptide and soluble EBNA3A antigen to B*08:01-FLR and B*35:01-YPL cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Monocyte peptide (A) and EBNA3A (B) presentation n=3 experiments. moDC …

Figure 6—figure supplement 2—source data 1

Peptide and soluble Ag percentage of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation.

Data for Figure 6—figure supplement 2A–H. CTL activation in response to peptide or BZLF1/EBNA3A is quantified as the percentage of cells double positive for CD107a and IFNγ.

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Cross-presentation by B*35:01 displays greater sensitivity to cathepsin inhibition and is more efficient than B*08:01 when matched for T cell responsiveness.

(A and B) Cross-presentation efficiencies of B*08:01-RAK, B*08:01-FLR, B*35:01-EPL, and B*35:01-YPL epitopes from BZLF1 or EBNA3A were compared in monocytes (A) or monocyte-derived dendritic cells …

Figure 7—source data 1

Monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell cross-presentation with pathway inhibitors.

Data for Figure 7D–E. Cross-presentation was performed as in Figure 6, except during antigen pulse the inhibitors MG132, lactacystin, or cathepsin inhibitor I were added. Data is normalized to untreated cross-presentation.

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Model for B*35:01 endo-lysosomal assembly pathways in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs).

HLA-B*35:01 is assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where a greater abundance of suboptimal peptides is predicted to be present due to a mismatch between transporter associated with antigen …

Additional files

Supplementary file 1

Healthy human donors and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes used in study.

Donors were selected from our previously described cohort of HLA genotyped healthy participants (Yarzabek et al., 2018). Ten primary groups were recruited for this study. Groups 1–8 were selected to be either homozygous for an HLA-B allotype of interest, or heterozygous for one Bw6 allotype and one Bw4 allotype so that anti-Bw6 and anti-Bw4 monoclonal antibodies could be utilized to measure the specific expression/localization of individual HLA-B allotypes. Donors in these groups were selected to have one or less HLA-C allotype that cross-reacts with the anti-Bw6 antibody, or no HLA-A allotypes that cross-react with the anti-Bw4 antibody (Yarzabek et al., 2018). Two cross-reactive HLA-C allotypes (denoted by asterisks) are permitted if the donor is homozygous for the HLA-B allotype of intertest, or if assays not using anti-Bw6 were not performed (e.g. peptide receptivity assays with the HC10 monoclonal antibody). Group 9 donors expressed B*08:01, B*35:01, or both and were selected for use as effector antigen-specific CTLs for all T cell activation assays. Heterozygosity for Bw6/Bw4 was not required for studies with this group. Group 10 contained donors heterozygous for B*08:01 and B*35:01 and were used as antigen-presenting cells for cross-presentation assays. For assays where specific HLA genotype was not required, such as DQ-Ova experiments, non-genotyped donors 248–275 were used, or blood was obtained from the University of Michigan Platelet Core. Donors from the Platelet Core are labeled.

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