Supplementary tables.
(a) Information on the variants included in the polygenic risk score. Genomic positions corresponds to GRCh37/hg19 assembly. SNV IDs, alleles, ORs and P-values are from Mahajan et al., 2014 (Main text reference 30). Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PRS, polygenic risk score. (b) Association results between PRS and GDM-related variables in START and BiB (Univariate models). a Values are Betas for continuous variables (fasting 2 h, and AUC glucose), and ORs for binary variable (i.e. GDM). Abbreviations: BiB, Born in Bradford; CI, confidence interval; IADPSG, International association of the diabetes and pregnancy study groups; OR, odds ratio; PRS, polygenic risk score; QE P, P-value from the test for (residual) heterogeneity; SE, standard error; START, South Asian birth cohort; T1, tertile 1; T2, tertile 2; T3, tertile3. (c) Association between GDM risk factors and GDM (South Asian-specific definition): results from multivariate models in START and BiB cohorts. Models were additionally adjusted for the first 5 PCs of each study. a Values are Betas for continuous variables (fasting 2 h, and AUC glucose), and ORs for binary variable (i.e. GDM). Abbreviations: BiB, Born in Bradford; BMI, Body mass index; CI, Confidence interval; GDM, Gestational diabetes mellitus; OR, Odds ratio; SA, South Asia; SD, Standard deviation; QE P, P-value from the test for (residual) heterogeneity; START, South Asian birth cohort; T2D, Type 2 diabetes. (d) Association between categorical PRS (tertiles) and GDM-related traits in multivariate models. The table shows results for tertile 2 vs. tertile 1, and tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 a Values are Betas for continuous variables (fasting 2 h, and AUC glucose), and ORs for binary variables (i.e. GDM). Abbreviations: BiB, Born in Bradford; CI, confidence interval; IADPSG, International association of the diabetes and pregnancy study groups; OR, odds ratio; PRS, polygenic risk score; QE P, P-value from the test for (residual) heterogeneity; SE, standard error; START, South Asian birth cohort; T1, tertile 1; T2, tertile 2; T3, tertile3. (e) Interaction effects between GDM risk factors and T2D PRS on GDM (South Asian-specific definition) in START and BiB. Results from models adjusted for age, BMI, education level, birth region (South Asia vs. other), parity, parental history of diabetes, and genetic PC axes 1–5. a Values are Beta for continuous dependent variables (fasting 2 h, and AUC glucose), and OR for binary variable (i.e. GDM). Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; BiB, Born in Bradford; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; OR, odds ratio; PRS, polygenic risk score; QE P, P-value from the test for (residual) heterogeneity; START, South Asian birth cohort. (f) Association of PRS with fasting glucose levels and GDM by BMI, birth country (South Asia vs. others), and diet quality categories in START and BiB. Results from models adjusted for age, education level, parity, and genetic PC axes 1–5, birth region (South Asia vs. other) (rows 1–3), and BMI (rows 4–7). a Values are Beta for continuous dependent variables (i.e. fasting glucose), and OR for binary variables (i.e. GDM). Abbreviations: BiB, Born in Bradford; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IADPSG, International association of the diabetes and pregnancy study groups; PRS, polygenic risk score; SE, Standard error; START, South Asian birth cohort.