Spatial frequency representation in V2 and V4 of macaque monkey

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Abstract

Spatial frequency (SF) is an important attribute in the visual scene and is a defining feature of visual processing channels. However, there remain many unsolved questions about how extrastriate areas in primate visual cortex codes this fundamental information. Here, using intrinsic signal optical imaging in visual areas of V2 and V4 of macaque monkeys, we quantify the relationship between SF maps and (1) visual topography and (2) color and orientation maps. We find that in orientation regions, low to high SF is mapped orthogonally to orientation; in color regions, which are reported to contain orthogonal axes of color and lightness, low spatial frequencies (SFs) tend to be represented more frequently than high SFs. This supports a population-based SF fluctuation related to the 'color/orientation' organizations. We propose a generalized hypercolumn model across cortical areas, comprised of two orthogonal parameters with additional parameters.

Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the manuscript and supporting file. All data used in the figures have been deposited at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/agkr7/) and are publicly available as of the date of publication.

Article and author information

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Ying Zhang

Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

"This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0001-9631-8280
Kenneth E Schriver

Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

For correspondence
kenschriver@zju.edu.cn

Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Jia Ming Hu

Department of Neurology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

For correspondence
hujiaming@zju.edu.cn

Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Anna Wang Roe

Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

For correspondence
annawang@zju.edu.cn

Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

"This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0003-4146-9705

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0701400)

Anna Wang Roe

China Brain Initiative (2021ZD0200401)

Anna Wang Roe

National Natural Science Foundation of China (31627802,81961128029,U20A20221)

Anna Wang Roe

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M681829)

Jia Ming Hu

National Natural Science Foundation of China (32100802)

Jia Ming Hu

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

Ethics

Animal experimentation: All procedures were performed in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guidelines and were approved by the Zhejiang University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Permit Number: ZJU20200022 and ZJU20200023).

Copyright

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.