(A) Simultaneous injection of RabV and AAV-G into muscles. Rabies transfer pathways that could potentially contaminate the distribution of premotor interneurons are labelled by a question mark and …
(A) Maximum intensity projection of a single 30 μm section taken from the L2 segment of a P10 cord infected with ΔG-Rab-mCherry in the LG and ΔG-Rab-EGFP in the TA in ChatCre/+; Rosa26RΦGT mice. (B) …
(A, B) Distribution of premotor interneurons of LG (A) and TA (B) for all the injections. Distributions for each individual experiment are represented with different shades of blue and orange. (C) …
Hedges’G and correlation across experiments in the lower and upper triangular matrix respectively shown in panel D.
Median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for each experiment shown in panel F, LG (n=11 experiments) and TA (n=7 experiments).
For each section the data are scaled to the reference points indicated in the methods in order to account for size differences along the segments.
Data pooled from 18 experiments (11 LG and 7 TA injections) show that within each lumbar segment, from L1 to L6, the distributions of LG and TA premotor interneurons are overlapping.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segments L1 to L6 for LG (source data 1–6, n=11 experiments) and TA (source data 7–12, n=7 experiments).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) while z coordinates are in micron, with the axis origin taken at the border between L4 and L5 and negative values in the rostral direction.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L2 for LG.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L3 for LG.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L4 for LG.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L5 for LG.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L6 for LG.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L1 for TA.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L2 for TA.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L3 for TA.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L4 for TA.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L5 for TA.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L6 for TA.
Using the raw coordinates, the distribution of LG and TA premotor interneurons are consistently overlapping throughout the lumbar segments.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segments L1 to L6 for LG (source data 1–6, n=11 experiments) and TA (source data 7–12, n=7 experiments).
The x-y coordinates are the raw coordinates before normalization while z coordinates have been shifted so that the axis origin is at the border between L4 and L5. Negative values are in the rostral direction.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L2 for LG.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L3 for LG.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L4 for LG.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L5 for LG.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L6 for LG.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L1 for TA.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L2 for TA.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L3 for TA.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L4 for TA.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L5 for TA.
Cartesian x-y-z raw coordinates pooled within lumbar segment L6 for TA.
(A and B) show the distribution of LG and TA premotor interneurons on the transverse plane for individual experiments, represented with different colour shades. For each section the data are scaled …
Hedges’G and correlation across experiments in the lower and upper triangular matrix respectively shown in panel D.
Median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for each experiment shown in panel F, LG (n=7 experiments) and TA (n=6 experiments).
Comparison of high and low titre injections are shown in A and E for LG and TA, respectively. For each section the data are scaled to the reference points indicated in the methods in order to …
Hedges’G and correlation across experiments in the lower and upper triangular matrix respectively for LG high and low titre injections shown in panel B.
Median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for each experiment shown in panel D, high titre LG (n=11 experiments) and low titre LG (n=7 experiments).
Hedges’G and correlation across experiments in the lower and upper triangular matrix respectively for TA high and low titre injections shown in panel F.
Median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for each experiment shown in panel H, high titre TA (n=7 experiments) and low titre TA (n=6 experiments).
Motor neuron and interneuron numbers in each experiment are shown for high (red) and low (black) titre experiments. The fitted line represents a power law.
Number of labelled motor neurons and interneurons taken from Table 1 and scaled according to the sampling intervals of the sections.
(A) Comparison of pooled data from extensor muscles LG and MG injections. (B) Correlation and absolute value of Hedges’ G coefficients across all experiments. (C) Box and whisker plots of the …
Hedges’G and correlation across experiments with LG and MG injections in the lower and upper triangular matrix respectively shown in panel B.
Median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for each experiment shown in panel D, LG (n=18 experiments) and MG (n=10 experiments).
Hedges’G and correlation across experiments with TA and PL injections in the lower and upper triangular matrix respectively shown in panel F.
Median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for each experiment shown in panel H, TA (n=13 experiments) and PL (n=5 experiments).
(A, D) Distribution of GlyT2off (A) and GlyT2on (D) premotor interneurons following LG and TA injections pooled from 4 LG and 3 TA experiments in GlyT2-eGFP; ChatCre/+ mice crossed with Rosa26RΦGT …
Median of mediolateral coordinates for Glyt2off ventral premotor interneurons from LG (n=4) and TA (n=3) experiments shown in panel C.
Median of mediolateral coordinates for Glyt2off dorsal premotor interneurons from LG (n=4) and TA (n=3) experiments shown in panel C.
Median of mediolateral coordinates for Glyt2on ventral premotor interneurons from LG (n=4) and TA (n=3) experiments shown in panel F.
Median of mediolateral coordinates for Glyt2on dorsal premotor interneurons from LG (n=4) and TA (n=3) experiments shown in panel F.
(A, B) Single lumbar sections form animals injected in the GS (A) or TA (B) muscles (scale bars 300 μm). (C-E) Overlay of individual GS (C) and TA (D) experiments and pooled experiments (E). For …
Median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant shown in panel G comparing flexor and extensor injections in ChatCre/+ and Olig2Cre/+ mice.
Distributions are shown in the transverse plane (left) and as front (middle) and lateral (right) view along the rostrocaudal axis.
Example of double infected upper (A) and lower (B) lumbar sections. Transverse and longitudinal pooled distributions of premotor interneurons from two experiments are overlapping in all quadrants (C)…
Median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for each experiment shown in panel F, GS (n=4) and TA (n=2).
Extensive labelling is observed in two lower lumbar sections of two GS (A) and TA (B) injected mice. The pooled distributions of flexor and extensor related infected neurons are similar on the …
Median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for each experiment shown in panel F, GS (n=4) and TA (n=3).
(A) Side by side comparison of pooled transverse distribution of infected interneurons from GS (left) and TA (right) with AAV-G or AAV-FLEX-G and RabV. The distributions obtained with AAV-G show a …
Panel C showing the comparison of median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for injections of AAV-G in wild type and AAV-Flex-G in ChatCre/+ mice for all GS and TA injections.
Example of a lower lumbar section of an animal injected in GS(A) and TA (B). The distribution of premotor interneurons are similar along all axis (C). For each section, the data are scaled to the …
Median of mediolateral coordinates in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for each experiment shown in panel F, GS (n=4) and TA (n=4).
The correlation and absolute value of hierarchical bootstrapped Hedges’ G coefficient matrix across pooled experiments obtained with different injection strategies exhibits high values of …
Panel B showing the comparison of median of mediolateral coordinates of extensor (LG or GS) and flexor (TA) in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant for all the viral tracing techniques used in this paper.
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 170427n2(UCL).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 170427n3 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 170503n6 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 170427n2 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 170427n3 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 170503n6 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1577 (UoG).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1578 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 1577 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 1578 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 170125n3 (UCL).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 170508n7 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from MG injection 170125n3 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from MG injection 170508n7 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1579 (UoG).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1580 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1701(UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1702 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from MG injection 1579 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from MG injection 1580 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from MG injection 1701 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from MG injection 1702 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from PL injection 170125n7 (UCL).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from PL injection 170125n8 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 170125n7 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 170125n8 (UCL).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from MG injection 1605 (UoG).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from MG injection 1660 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from MG injection 1661 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from MG injection 1662 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from PL injection 1611 (UoG).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from PL injection 1613 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from PL injection 1640 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1644 (UoG).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1646 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1653 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 1644 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 1646 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 1653 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1656 (UoG).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1657 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1570 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from LG injection 1571 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 1573 (UoG).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 1574 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 1639 (UoG).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from GS injection 353 (MDC).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from GS injection 399 (MDC).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from GS injection 1332 (MDC).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from GS injection 1349 (MDC).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 700 (MDC).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 721 (MDC).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of interneurons (sheet 1) and motor neurons (sheet 2) from TA injection 1324 (MDC).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection 1 (Salk).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection 2 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection a (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection b (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from TA injection 1 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from TA injection 2 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection 22a_4 (Salk).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection 26a_1 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection 26a_2 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection 26a_4 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from TA injection 26_1 (Salk).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from TA injection 26_3 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from TA injection 26_4 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection 1_1 (Salk).
The x-y coordinates are normalized (between –0.5 and 0.5) and scaled to an idealized spinal cord of dimensions 1700 μm and 900 μm in the mediolateral and dorsoventral directions respectively, while …
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection 1_4 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection 2_2 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from GS injection 3_3 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from TA injection 1_1 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from TA injection 1_4 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from TA injection 2_2 (Salk).
Cartesian x-y-z coordinates of infected neurons from TA injection 3_3 (Salk).
(A) Representative lumbar section stained with antibodies against ChAT (green) and tdTom (red) and (B) map of neurons labelled with both or one of the two antibodies in all the 13 analysed sections …
Cartesian x-y coordinates of neurons labelled with ChAT and/or TdTomato in the lower lumber spinal cord of ChATCre; Rosa26RCL-tdTom mice.
Each section was translated to have the origin of a Cartesian set of axes centered on the central canal (CC). A line passing through the central canal and perpendicular to the dorso-ventral axis was …
Same experimental code as in Figures 3D-E—6B, E, H, Figures 8E and 9E and Figure 11E and figure supplements. Experiments performed at the Salk Institute (except the PRV-Bartha experiments) were …
Code | Lab | Injection | Perfusion | Muscle | TitreI.U. | MNs | Double labelled MNs | Ipsi dorsal median (μm) | Ipsipremotor INs | Contrapremotor INs | Totalpremotor INs | premotor INs/MNs ratio | Section sampling |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
170427 n2 | UCL | P2 | P11 | LG | 1×1010 | 46 | 3 | 285 | 741 | 116 | 857 | 19 | 1/2 (30 μm) |
TA | 5×109 | 41 | 298 | 912 | 88 | 1000 | 24 | ||||||
170427 n3 | UCL | P2 | P11 | LG | 1×1010 | 32 | 2 | 267 | 620 | 87 | 707 | 22 | 1/2 (30 μm) |
TA | 5×109 | 6 | 276 | 386 | 34 | 420 | 70 | ||||||
170503 n6 | UCL | P2 | P11 | LG | 1×1010 | 83 | 1 | 294 | 1935 | 639 | 2574 | 31 | 1/2 (30 μm) |
TA | 5×109 | 55 | 315 | 1887 | 315 | 2202 | 40 | ||||||
170125 n3 | UCL | P1 | P10 | LG | 5×109 | 39 | 0 | 365 | 670 | 107 | 777 | 20 | 1/2 (30 μm) |
MG | 5×109 | 39 | 353 | 819 | 307 | 1126 | 29 | ||||||
170508 n7 | UCL | P2 | P11 | LG | 1×1010 | 110 | 3 | 352 | 1955 | 382 | 2337 | 21 | 1/2 (30 μm) |
MG | 5×109 | 67 | 322 | 1497 | 429 | 1926 | 29 | ||||||
170125 n7 | UCL | P1 | P10 | TA | 5×109 | 47 | 0 | 363 | 907 | 308 | 1215 | 26 | 1/2 (30 μm) |
PL | 5×109 | 39 | 380 | 1044 | 195 | 1239 | 32 | ||||||
170125 n8 | UCL | P1 | P10 | TA | 5×109 | 22 | 2 | 343 | 920 | 157 | 1077 | 49 | 1/2 (30 μm) |
PL | 5×109 | 22 | 330 | 741 | 83 | 824 | 37 | ||||||
1570 | UoG | P1 | P10 | LG | 2×108 | 11 | - | 322 | 1111 | 404 | 1515 | 138 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1571 | UoG | P1 | P10 | LG | 2×108 | 12 | - | 340 | 760 | 196 | 956 | 80 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1573 | UoG | P1 | P10 | TA | 5×108 | 10 | - | 332 | 447 | 68 | 515 | 52 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1574 | UoG | P1 | P10 | TA | 5×108 | 14 | - | 365 | 297 | 26 | 323 | 23 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1577 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 2×109 | 18 | 2 | 329 | 313 | 43 | 356 | 20 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
TA | 5×109 | 26 | 312 | 688 | 105 | 793 | 31 | ||||||
1578 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 2×109 | 21 | 5 | 330 | 292 | 34 | 326 | 16 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
TA | 5×109 | 22 | 346 | 790 | 130 | 920 | 42 | ||||||
1579 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 2×109 | 30 | 1 | 322 | 1023 | 194 | 1217 | 41 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
MG | 5×108 | 7 | 306 | 169 | 19 | 188 | 27 | ||||||
1580 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 2×109 | 14 | 0 | 316 | 414 | 48 | 462 | 33 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
MG | 5×108 | 8 | 348 | 470 | 87 | 557 | 70 | ||||||
1605 | UoG | P1 | P10 | MG | 1×108 | 6 | - | 340 | 412 | 110 | 522 | 87 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1611 | UoG | P1 | P10 | PL | 1×108 | 2 | - | 328 | 167 | 24 | 191 | 96 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1613 | UoG | P2 | P10 | PL | 1×108 | 1 | - | 340 | 164 | 16 | 180 | 180 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1639 | UoG | P2 | P10 | TA | 2×108 | 15 | - | 341 | 591 | 94 | 685 | 46 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1640 | UoG | P2 | P10 | PL | 2×108 | 20 | - | 322 | 629 | 122 | 751 | 38 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1644 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 1×108 | 1 | - | 344 | 142 | 32 | 174 | 174 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
TA | 2×108 | - | 296 | 57 | 11 | 68 | - | ||||||
1646 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 1×108 | 1 | - | 261 | 90 | 16 | 106 | 106 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
TA | 2×108 | 3 | 305 | 76 | 13 | 89 | 30 | ||||||
1653 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 1×108 | 2 | - | 307 | 60 | 6 | 66 | 33 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
TA | 2×108 | 2 | 312 | 58 | 8 | 66 | 33 | ||||||
1656 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 1×108 | - | - | 311 | 563 | 145 | 708 | - | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1657 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 1×108 | 1 | - | 321 | 323 | 51 | 374 | 374 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1660 | UoG | P2 | P10 | MG | 2×108 | 7 | - | 324 | 509 | 3 | 512 | 73 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1661 | UoG | P2 | P10 | MG | 2×108 | 10 | - | 338 | 175 | 63 | 238 | 24 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1662 | UoG | P2 | P10 | MG | 2×108 | 10 | - | 313 | 375 | 230 | 605 | 61 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
1701 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 2×109 | 8 | 2 | 351 | 169 | 26 | 195 | 24 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
MG | 5×109 | 34 | 329 | 594 | 190 | 784 | 23 | ||||||
1702 | UoG | P2 | P10 | LG | 2×109 | 14 | 2 | 331 | 561 | 107 | 668 | 48 | 1/8 (60 μm) |
MG | 5×109 | 2 | 322 | 76 | 11 | 87 | 44 | ||||||
353 | MDC | P4 | P10 | GS | 1×109 | 31 | - | 283 | 1542 | 431 | 1973 | 64 | All (40 μm) |
399 | MDC | P4 | P10 | GS | 1×109 | 41 | - | 286 | 569 | 77 | 646 | 16 | All (40 μm) |
1332 | MDC | P4 | P10 | GS | 1×109 | 18 | - | 317 | 1605 | 323 | 1928 | 107 | All (40 μm) |
1349 | MDC | P4 | P10 | GS | 1×109 | 18 | - | 305 | 1416 | 459 | 1875 | 104 | All (40 μm) |
700 | MDC | P4 | P10 | TA | 1×109 | 47 | - | 318 | 1723 | 122 | 1845 | 39 | All (40 μm) |
721 | MDC | P4 | P10 | TA | 1×109 | 22 | - | 310 | 1934 | 465 | 2399 | 109 | All (40 μm) |
1324 | MDC | P4 | P10 | TA | 1×109 | 17 | - | 292 | 2041 | 301 | 2342 | 138 | All (40 μm) |
1 | Salk | P2 | P10 | GS | 1×1011 | N/A | N/A | 328 | 9185 | 2735 | 11920 | N/A | All (60 μm) |
TA | 1×1011 | N/A | N/A | 349 | 3330 | 731 | 4061 | N/A | |||||
2 | Salk | P2 | P10 | GS | 1×1011 | N/A | N/A | 303 | 8827 | 3867 | 12694 | N/A | All (60 μm) |
TA | 1×1011 | N/A | N/A | 294 | 3198 | 1132 | 4330 | N/A | |||||
a | Salk | P1 | P8 | GS | 1×1010 | N/A | N/A | 248 | 334 | 42 | 376 | N/A | 1/9 (30 μm) |
b | Salk | P1 | P8 | GS | 1×1010 | N/A | N/A | 237 | 275 | 30 | 305 | N/A | 1/9 (30 μm) |
22 a_4 | Salk | P2 | P9 | GS | 3×1011 | N/A | N/A | 403 | 464 | 58 | 522 | N/A | All (60 μm) |
26 a_1 | Salk | P2 | P9 | GS | 3×1011 | N/A | N/A | 383 | 941 | 91 | 1032 | N/A | All (60 μm) |
26 a_2 | Salk | P2 | P9 | GS | 3×1011 | N/A | N/A | 351 | 1910 | 401 | 2311 | N/A | All (60 μm) |
26 a_4 | Salk | P2 | P9 | GS | 3×1011 | N/A | N/A | 382 | 1923 | 392 | 2315 | N/A | All (60 μm) |
26_1 | Salk | P2 | P9 | TA | 3×1011 | N/A | N/A | 348 | 3236 | 263 | 3499 | N/A | All (60 μm) |
26_3 | Salk | P2 | P9 | TA | 3×1011 | N/A | N/A | 367 | 2078 | 465 | 2543 | N/A | All (60 μm) |
26_4 | Salk | P2 | P9 | TA | 3×1011 | N/A | N/A | 350 | 2494 | 597 | 3091 | N/A | All (60 μm) |
1_1 PRV | Salk | P11 | P13 | GS | 1×109 | N/A | N/A | 318 | 430 | 54 | 484 | N/A | 1/4 (60 μm) |
TA | 1×109 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
1_4 PRV | Salk | P11 | P13 | GS | 1×109 | N/A | N/A | 349 | 238 | 23 | 261 | N/A | 1/4 (60 μm) |
TA | 1×109 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
2_2 PRV | Salk | P11 | P13 | GS | 1×109 | N/A | N/A | 357 | 515 | 82 | 597 | N/A | 1/4 (60 μm) |
TA | 1×109 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||
3_3 PRV | Salk | P11 | P13 | GS | 1×109 | N/A | N/A | 377 | 1005 | 53 | 1058 | N/A | 1/4 (60 μm) |
TA | 1×109 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Method | Pros | Cons | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle injection of AAV-G (serotype 2.6)+RabV (Figure 1A) | Avoids the possibility of retrograde disynaptic transfer from second order motor neurons due to restriction of G expression to targeted motor neurons | The labelled premotor population could be contaminated by anterogradely labelled neurons from primary sensory neurons. | Flexor- extensor segregation No flexor- extensor segregation | (Tripodi et al., 2011) Present study |
Avoids the possibility of retrograde disynaptic transfer from premotor spinal interneurons. | ||||
Muscle injection of AAV-flex-G (serotype 2.6)+RabV in ChatCre/+ mice (Figure 1B) | Avoids the possibility of retrograde disynaptic transfer from second order motor neurons due to restriction of G expression to targeted motor neurons | Conditional expression of G may be inefficient | Flexor- extensor segregation No flexor- extensor segregation | (Wang et al., 2017) Present study |
Avoids the possibility of retrograde disynaptic transfer from premotor spinal interneurons. | ||||
Avoids potential anterograde sensory contamination. | ||||
Central injection of AAV-flex-G (serotype 2.9) in ChatCre/+ mice followed by muscle injection of RabV, in adults (Figure 1C) | Limits the issue of potential disynaptic transfer from cholinergic interneurons | Potential for disynaptic transfer from cholinergic premotor interneurons, transsynaptically labelled motor neurons and mis-targeted primary motor neurons | Flexor- extensor segregation | Takeoka and Arber, 2019 |
Avoids potential anterograde tracing from sensory neurons | ||||
Genetically driven expression of G in ChatCre/+ or Olig2Cre/+ mice + muscle RabV injection in neonates (Figure 1D and E) | Avoids potential anterograde tracing from sensory neurons | Potential for disynaptic transfer from premotor spinal interneurons, transsynaptically labelled motor neurons and mis-targeted primary motor neurons. | No flexor- extensor segregation | Present study |
Ensures homogenous expression of G in all motor neurons | ||||
Muscle injection of PRV-Bartha with strictly timed fixation of tissue (Figure 1F) | High efficiency in transsynaptic transmission. Not reliant on viral recombination. | Timed fixation does not guarantee that transsynaptic jumps occur only up to the second order | No flexor-extensor segregation | Present study |
Reagent type (species) or resource | Designation | Source or reference | Identifiers | Additional information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strain, strain background (Rabies virus) | ΔG-Rab-eGFP | Gift from M. Tripodi lab, LMCB Cambridge | ||
Strain, strain background (Rabies virus) | ΔG-Rab-mCherry | Gift from M. Tripodi lab, LMCB Cambridge | ||
Strain, strain background (Adeno associated virus) | AAV6-Ef1a-B19G | Produced by Applied Viromics (USA) | ||
Strain, strain background (Adeno associated virus) | AAV6-CAG-Flex-oG | Produced at the Salk GT3 virus core facility | ||
Strain, strain background (M. musculus, ChatCre/+) | ChAT-IRES-Cre | Jackson laboratory | IMSR Cat# JAX:006410; RRID:IMSR_JAX:006410 | allele symbol: Chattm2(cre)Lowl; maintained on a C57BL6/J background |
Strain, strain background (M. musculus, Olig2Cre/+) | Olig2-Cre | Jackson laboratory | IMSR Cat# JAX:025567; RRID:IMSR_JAX:025567 | allele symbol: B6.129-Olig2tm1.1(cre)Wdr/J maintained on a C57BL6/J background |
Strain, strain background (M. musculus, Rosa26RΦGT) | RΦGT | Jackson laboratory | IMSR Cat# JAX:024708; RRID:IMSR_JAX:024708 | allele symbol: Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(CAG-RABVgp4,-TVA)Arenk; maintained on a C57BL6/J background |
Strain, strain background (M. musculus, Slc6A5eGFP) | Slc6A5eGFP | Gift from H. Zeilhofer lab, University of Zurich | IMSR Cat# RBRC04708; RRID:IMSR_RBRC04708 | allele symbol: Tg(Slc6a5-EGFP)1Uze; maintained on a C57BL6/J background |
Strain, strain background (M. musculus, Rosa26RCL-tdTom) | Ai9(RCL-tdT) | Jackson laboratory | IMSR Cat# JAX:007909; RRID:IMSR_JAX:007909 | allele symbol: Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/J; maintained on a C57BL6/J background |
Cell line (Homo-sapiens, female) | HEK293t/17 | Gift from M. Tripodi lab, LMCB Cambridge | RRID:CVCL_1926 | ATCC, cat. no. CRL-1126 |
Cell line (Mesocricetus auratus, male) | BHK-21 | Gift from M. Tripodi lab, LMCB Cambridge | RRID: CVCL_1915 | ATCC # CCL-10 |
Cell line (Mesocricetus auratus, male) | BHK-G | Gift from M. Tripodi lab, LMCB Cambridge | RRID:CVCL_1915 | Derived from ATCC # CCL-10 |
Antibody (UCL) | Anti-ChAT (Goat polyclonal) | Millipore | Cat# AB144P; RRID:AB_2079751 | IF (1:100) |
Antibody (UCL) | Anti-mCherry (Chicken polyclonal) | Abcam | Cat# ab205402; RRID:AB_2722769 | IF (1:2500) |
Antibody (UCL) | Anti-GFP (Rabbit polyclonal) | Abcam | Cat# ab290; RRID:AB_303395 | IF (1:2500) |
Antibody (UCL) | Anti-vGluT2 (Guinea pig polyclonal) | Millipore | Cat# AB2251-I; RRID:AB_2665454 | IF (1:2500) |
Antibody (UCL) | Anti-Isl1 (Guinea pig polyclonal) | Gift from T. Jessell lab, Columbia University, New York | IF (1:7500) | |
Antibody (UCL) | Anti-guinea pig IgG H&L Alexa Fluor 647 (Donkey polyclonal) | Millipore | Cat# AP193SA6; RRID:AB_2340477 | IF (1:700) |
Antibody (UCL) | Anti-Goat IgG H&L Alexa Fluor 405 (Donkey polyclonal preadsorbed) | Abcam | Abcam Cat# AB175665; RRID:AB_2636888 | IF (1:200) |
Antibody (UCL) | Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L Alexa Fluor488 (Donkey polyclonal Highly Cross-Adsorbed) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat# A-21206; RRID:AB_2535792 | IF (1:1000) |
Antibody (UCL) | Anti-Chicken IgY (IgG) H&L Cy3-AffiniPure (Donkey polyclonal) | Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs | Cat# 703-165-155; RRID:AB_2340363 | IF (1:1000) |
Antibody (Glasgow University) | Anti-GFP (chicken polyclonal) | Abcam | Cat# Ab13970 RRID:AB_300798 | IF (1:1000) |
Antibody (Glasgow University) | Anti-mCherry (rabbit polyclonal) | Abcam | Cat# Ab167453 RRID:AB_2571870 | IF (1:2000) |
Antibody (Glasgow University) | Anti-chicken IgY H&L Alexa Fluor488 (Donkey polyclonal) | Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs | Cat# 703-545-155; RRID:AB_2340363 | IF (1:500) |
Antibody (MDC) | Anti-ChAT (rabbit polyclonal) | Abcam | Cat# Ab2750952 RRID:AB_2750952 | IF (1:16,000) |
Antibody (MDC) | Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L Alexa Fluor488 (Donkey polyclonal) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat# A-21206; RRID:AB_2535792 | IF (1:1000) |
Antibody (Salk) | Anti-GFP (goat polyclonal) | Rockland | Cat#600-101-215; RRID:AB_218182 | IF (1:1000) |
Antibody (Salk) | Anti-RFP (rabbit polyclonal) | Rockland | Cat#600-401-379; RRID:AB_2209751 | IF (1:1000) |
Antibody (Salk) | Anti-goat IgY H&L Alexa Fluor488 (Donkey polyclonal) | Invitrogen | Cat#A11055; RRID:AB_2534102 | IF (1:1000) |
Antibody (Salk) | Anti-rabbit IgY H&L Alexa Fluor555 (Donkey polyclonal) | Invitrogen | Cat#A32794; RRID:AB_2762834 | IF (1:1000) |
Chemical compound, drug | Mowiol 4–88 | Sigma Aldrich | Cat# 81381–250 G | |
Software, algorithm | ZEN Digital Imaging for Light Microscopy: Zen Blue 2.3 | Carl Zeiss light microscopy imaging systems | RRID:SCR_013672 | |
Software, algorithm | Imaris 9.1 | Bitplane | RRID:SCR_007370 | |
Software, algorithm | Adobe illustrator version CC 2019 | Adobe | RRID:SCR_010279 | |
Software, algorithm | Matlab version 2021b | Mathworks | RRID:SCR_001622 |