A novel gene REPTOR2 activates the autophagic degradation of wing disc in pea aphid
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Science, China
- School of Life Science, Hebei University, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, United States
Figures
Figure 1 with 1 supplement
Wing dimorphism in pea aphids is transgenerational with high sensitivity to maternal density and duration, and first instar nymphs at 30-hr postbirth is a critical stage for developmental plasticity of the wing disc.
(A) Two female adults in a petri dish can efficiently induce a high proportion of winged offspring. (B) Percentage of winged offspring produced by the two-adult contacting treatment for different …
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Figure 1—source data 1
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Figure 1—source data 2
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Figure 1—source data 3
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Figure 1—source data 4
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Figure 1—figure supplement 1
The percentage of winged offspring produced by two-adult contacting treatment for 4-hr of different pea aphid strains.
Boxes show the interquartile range, and the line is the median value of each group (n=40). Tukey’s multiple range tests at p<0.05 were used to compare means, and different lowercase letters indicate …
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Figure 1—figure supplement 1—source data 1
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Figure 2 with 1 supplement
Autophagy, and not apoptosis, is responsible for degeneration of the wing disc in wingless-destined aphids.
(A) TEM images of wing discs of winged- and wingless-destined aphids at 30-hr postbirth. N, nucleus; M, mitochondrion. Yellow and white arrows indicate autophagosomes containing membranous whorls …
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Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Experimental design.
A flow diagram of the sampling procedure for maternal treatment and offspring collection. Female adults of pea aphids were subjected to single adult or two adult individual treatement in the petri …
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Pea aphid-specific REPTOR2 is highly expressed in wingless-destined morph that activates autophagy in the wing disc.
(A) The volcano plot of log-transformed FPKM showing the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in wingless- versus winged-destined aphids at 24-h postbirth. Three biological replications …
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Figure 3—source data 1
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Figure 3—source data 3
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Figure 3—figure supplement 1
REPTOR1 was not involved in activation of autophagic degradation in the wing disc of the winged-destined morph.
(A) Expression levels of REPTOR1 in head, thorax, and abdomen of winged- and wingless-destined aphids at 24-h postbirth (n=4). (B–D) Knockdown of REPTOR1 decreased the gene expression of REPTOR1, …
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Figure 3—figure supplement 1—source data 1
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Figure 4
TOR negatively regulated autophagy in the wing disc and positively affected the proportion of winged aphids.
(A) TOR expression in the wing disc of first instar nymph of winged- and wingless-destined aphids at 24-h postbirth, as determined by mRNA-FISH. TOR was hybridized with 5-CY3 in red, and nuclei were …
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Figure 5
Illustration of the TOR signaling pathway-controlled wing disc degeneration of the first instar pea aphid nymphs.
All treatments, indicated along the top, were applied to wingless maternal aphids. Arrows correspond to the treatments, coded by different colors. ATG, autophagy related gene; REPTOR2, repress by …
Additional files
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Supplementary file 1
Primers used for the study.
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MDAR checklist
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