The effect of weight loss following 18 months of lifestyle intervention on brain age assessed with resting-state functional connectivity
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
- University of Leipzig, Germany
- Soroka Medical Center, Israel
Abstract
Background: Obesity negatively impacts multiple bodily systems, including the central nervous system. Retrospective studies that estimated chronological age from neuroimaging have found accelerated brain aging in obesity, but it is unclear how this estimation would be affected by weight loss following a lifestyle intervention.
Methods: In a sub-study of 102 participants of the DIRECT-PLUS (dietary-intervention-randomized-controlled-trial polyphenol-unprocessed) trial, we tested the effect of weight loss following 18 months of lifestyle intervention on predicted brain age based on MRI-assessed resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). We further examined how dynamics in multiple health factors, including anthropometric measurements, blood biomarkers, and fat deposition, can account for changes in brain age.
Results: To establish our method, we first demonstrated that our model could successfully predict chronological age from RSFC in three cohorts (n=291;358;102). We then found that among the DIRECT-PLUS participants, 1% of body weight loss resulted in an 8.9 months attenuation of brain age. Attenuation of brain age was significantly associated with improved liver biomarkers, decreased liver fat, and visceral and deep subcutaneous adipose tissues after 18m of intervention. Finally, we showed that lower consumption of processed food, sweets, and beverages were associated with attenuated brain age.
Conclusions: Successful weight loss following lifestyle intervention might have a beneficial effect on the trajectory of brain aging.
Funding: The German Research Foundation (DFG), German Research Foundation - project number 209933838 - SFB 1052; B11), Israel Ministry of Health grant 87472511 (to I Shai); Israel Ministry of Science and Technology grant 3-13604 (to I Shai); and the California Walnuts Commission (to I Shai).
Clinical Trial: This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03020186.
Data availability
The code for the brain age prediction model and the calculation of brain age attenuation is openly available online at https://github.com/GidLev/functional_brain_aging. The unprocessed data used for the model training and validation is openly available online at http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/enhanced/neurodata.html for the eNKI dataset and available upon online access request https://camcan-archive.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/dataaccess/ for the CamCAN dataset. Data from the DIRECT-PLUS trial is not publicly available since it contains information that could compromise the privacy of research participants. However, de-identified data could be shared upon request, subject to approval from the Soroka Medical Center Medical Ethics Board. A processed version of the data that includes participants' demographics, predicted and observed age and weight values for T0 and T18 is available as supplementary information.
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The Cambridge Centre for Ageing and NeuroscienceStructural and functional MRI, MEG, and cognitive data from a cross-sectional adult lifespan sample.
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The NKI-Rockland sampleWide array of physiological and psychological assessments, genetic information, and advanced neuroimaging.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
The German Research Foundation (209933838 SFB 1052; B11)
- Iris Shai
Israel Ministry of Health (grant 87472511)
- Iris Shai
Israel Ministry of Science and Technology (3-13604)
- Iris Shai
California Walnuts Commission
- Iris Shai
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Ethics
Human subjects: This work was based on a sub-study of the DIREC-PLUS trial (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03020186). The Soroka Medical Center Medical Ethics Board and Institutional Review Board provided ethics approval. All participants provided written consent and received no financial compensation.
Reviewing Editor
- Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, India
Version history
- Preprint posted: September 21, 2022 (view preprint)
- Received: September 21, 2022
- Accepted: March 31, 2023
- Accepted Manuscript published: April 6, 2023 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: May 11, 2023 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2023, Levakov et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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The effect of weight loss following 18 months of lifestyle intervention on brain age assessed with resting-state functional connectivity
eLife 12:e83604.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.83604
Further reading
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- Epidemiology and Global Health
A large observational study has found that irregular sleep-wake patterns are associated with a higher risk of overall mortality, and also mortality from cancers and cardiovascular disease.
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- Epidemiology and Global Health
Background:
Irregular sleep-wake timing may cause circadian disruption leading to several chronic age-related diseases. We examined the relationship between sleep regularity and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in 88,975 participants from the prospective UK Biobank cohort.
Methods:
The sleep regularity index (SRI) was calculated as the probability of an individual being in the same state (asleep or awake) at any two time points 24 hr apart, averaged over 7 days of accelerometry (range 0–100, with 100 being perfectly regular). The SRI was related to the risk of mortality in time-to-event models.
Results:
The mean sample age was 62 years (standard deviation [SD], 8), 56% were women, and the median SRI was 60 (SD, 10). There were 3010 deaths during a mean follow-up of 7.1 years. Following adjustments for demographic and clinical variables, we identified a non-linear relationship between the SRI and all-cause mortality hazard (p [global test of spline term]<0.001). Hazard ratios, relative to the median SRI, were 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41, 1.66) for participants with SRI at the 5th percentile (SRI = 41) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.00) for those with SRI at the 95th percentile (SRI = 75), respectively. Findings for CVD mortality and cancer mortality followed a similar pattern.
Conclusions:
Irregular sleep-wake patterns are associated with higher mortality risk.
Funding:
National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (GTN2009264; GTN1158384), National Institute on Aging (AG062531), Alzheimer’s Association (2018-AARG-591358), and the Banting Fellowship Program (#454104).
