Evaluation of antibody kinetics and durability in healthy individuals vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac): A cross-sectional and cohort study in Zhejiang, China
- Department of Immunization Program, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, China
- Xihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
- Shangyu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
- Kaihua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
- Yuecheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
- Department of Immunization Program, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
- Longyou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
Figures
Figure 1
Schedule of sample collection.
(A) Cross-sectional survey: a total of 1067 participants aged 18–59 were enrolled in five counties in Zhejiang, China. The participants had no previous vaccination or were vaccinated with one or two …
Figure 2
Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM levels induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.
(A, B) Dynamic changes in anti-S/ N- (A) and anti-RBD- (B) specific IgM/IgG in serum samples from CoronaVac-vaccinated participants at V-0, V1-14d, V1-28d, V2-1m, V2-3m, V2-6m, V2-9m, and V2-12m. (C)…
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Figure 2—source data 1
Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM levels induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84056/elife-84056-fig2-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 3
Neutralizing antibodies induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.
(A, B) Dynamic changes in GMT of NAb titer (A) and neutralized fraction (B) in serum samples from CoronaVac-vaccinated participants at V-0, V2-1m, V2-3m, V2-6m, V2-9m, and V2-12m. (C) Correlation …
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Figure 3—source data 1
Neutralizing antibodies induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84056/elife-84056-fig3-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 4
Comparisons of anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM levels and neutralizing activity before and after booster immunization.
(A, B) Dynamic changes in anti-S/N IgM and IgG (A), GMT of NAb titer, and neutralized fraction (B) in serum samples from CoronaVac-vaccinated participants at V-0, V2-1m, V2-3m, V2-6m, and V3-1m. …
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Figure 4—source data 1
Comparisons of anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM levels and neutralizing activity before and after booster immunization.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84056/elife-84056-fig4-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 5
Antibody responses to Delta and Omicron variants.
Neutralized fraction of Wuhan strain, Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants for CoronaVac primary- and booster-vaccinated participants, as evaluated by pseudovirus-based neutralization …
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Figure 5—source data 1
Antibody responses to Delta and Omicron variants.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84056/elife-84056-fig5-data1-v2.xlsx
Tables
Table 1
Baseline characteristics and anti-S/N antibody levels in the cross-sectional study.
| V-0N=91 | V1-14dN=125 | V1-28dN=91 | V2-1mN=100 | V2-3mN=110 | V2-6mN=160 | V2-9mN=190 | V2-12mN=200 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR), years | 38(31,47) | 39(34,47) | 38(31,47) | 40(32,50) | 41(33,55) | 41(31,48) | 41(31,48) | 41(34,49) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 37 | 45 | 37 | 49 | 54 | 80 | 85 | 75 |
| Female | 54 | 80 | 54 | 51 | 56 | 80 | 105 | 125 |
| IgM | ||||||||
| Concentration (AU/ml) | 0.4±0.02 | 5.1±1.0 | 5.1±0.9 | 1.4±0.2 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.3±0.04 | 0.3±0.04 | 0.2±0.03 |
| Seropositivity (%) | 3.3 | 57.6 | 75.8 | 33.0 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 2.0 |
| IgG | ||||||||
| Concentration (AU/ml) | 0.6±0.1 | 3.7±0.5 | 64.3±5.8 | 79.7±5.7 | 29.4±2.4 | 10.5±0.9 | 8.9±1.0 | 6.8±0.9 |
| Seropositivity (%) | 0.0 | 7.2 | 97.8 | 97.0 | 88.2 | 32.5 | 22.1 | 13.5 |
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Data are n (%) or median (IQR), or mean ± SEM. The seropositivity rate is when positive concentration of anti-S/N antibody is 10.0 AU/mL (IgG) and ≥1.0 AU/mL (IgM) or more.
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Table 1—source data 1
Baseline characteristics and anti-S/N antibody levels in the cross-sectional study.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84056/elife-84056-table1-data1-v2.xlsx
Table 2
Baseline characteristics for the prospective cohort.
| N=90 | P (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | ||
| 18–44 | 28 | 31.1 |
| 45–64 | 21 | 23.3 |
| 65–80 | 41 | 45.6 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 40 | 44.4 |
| Female | 50 | 55.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||
| <18.5 | 3 | 3.3 |
| 18.5–23.9 | 57 | 63.4 |
| ≥24 | 30 | 33.3 |
| Chronic conditions | ||
| Yes | 30 | 33.3 |
| No | 60 | 66.7 |
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Table 2—source data 1
Baseline characteristics for the prospective cohort.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84056/elife-84056-table2-data1-v2.xlsx
Table 3
The influence of age to GMT and Seropositivity.
| Time point | Statistic | Total | 18–44 years | 45–64 years | ≥65 years | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-V | GMT | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.908 |
| 95% CI | 2.0–2.2 | 1.9–2.4 | 1.9–2.4 | 2.0–2.3 | ||
| Seropositivity (%) | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 2.4 | ||
| V2-1m | GMT | 29.4 | 33.2 | 36.8 | 24.3 | 0.019 |
| 95% CI | 23.5–24.2 | 25.3–43.4 | 24.3–55.7 | 20.0–29.5 | ||
| Seropositivity (%) | 98.9 | 100 | 95.2 | 100 | ||
| V2-3m | GMT | 15.5 | 22.9 | 16.0 | 11.5 | <0.01 |
| 95% CI | 13.3–18.0 | 17.0–30.9 | 12.5–20.5 | 9.4–14.2 | ||
| Seropositivity (%) | 95.5 | 100 | 95.2 | 92.7 | ||
| V2-6m | GMT | 6.6 | 10.2 | 7.9 | 4.4 | <0.01 |
| 95% CI | 5.4–8.0 | 7.0–14.7 | 5.1–12.3 | 3.5–5.7 | ||
| Seropositivity (%) | 57.8 | 82.1 | 66.7 | 35.6 | ||
| V3-1m | GMT | 168.2 | 217.2 | 152.3 | 148.7 | 0.369 |
| 95% CI | 139.7–202.6 | 165.7–287.7 | 97.3–238.5 | 110.7–199.7 | ||
| Seropositivity (%) | 100.0 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
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The seropositivity rate is when positive NT50 is above 1:4.
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GMT, geometric mean titers.
Additional files
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Supplementary file 1
Supplementary tables for supplemental instruction.
Table S1 Baseline characteristics for the cross-sectional survey; Table S2 Correspondence of neutralized fraction (%) and serum dilution; Table S3 The influence of sex, BMI, and chronic condition to GMT and Seropositivity.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84056/elife-84056-supp1-v2.docx
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Supplementary file 2
Statistical analysis.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84056/elife-84056-supp2-v2.docx
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MDAR checklist
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84056/elife-84056-mdarchecklist1-v2.pdf
