Role of cytoneme structures and extracellular vesicles in Trichomonas vaginalis parasite-parasite communication
- Laboratorio de Parásitos Anaerobios, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Brazil
- Área de mejoramiento genético vegetal, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA INTA), Argentina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
Figures
Figure 1 with 1 supplement
Adherent T. vaginalis strains form abundant membrane protrusions.
(A) Quantification of the percentage of parasites containing filopodia (top) or cytonemes (bottom) in their cell surface. The presence of filopodia/cytonemes in two poorly adherent (G3 and NYU209) …
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
SEM of detailed views of cytonemes protruding from the surface of CDC1132 parasites.
A–D are insets from Figure 1B. (A) A tubular projection protruding from the cell body is seen (arrowhead). Notice that the cytoneme is branched in the region where it emerges from the cell surface …
Figure 2 with 1 supplement
Cytonemes are associated to clumps formation.
(A) Cytonemes emerging from flagella base (green arrowheads) and cell body (white arrowheads) are frequently observed connecting adjacent cells inside clumps of parasites by SEM. F, flagella; AF, …
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
SEM of detailed views and insets from Figure 2D.
(A–D) Branched and unbranched cytonemes are seen (white arrowheads). (E–F) A cytoneme connecting two parasites. In (F), the closed tip of cytoneme is seen in contact with the surface of the adjacent …
Figure 3
Cytoneme formation is induced by interaction between different strains.
(A) CDC1132 parasites stained with CFSE (green) were co-incubated with CDC1132, G3, or B7RC2 stained with Cell Tracker CMTPX Dye (red) for 1 hr. The interaction between different strains was …
Figure 4 with 1 supplement
Cytoneme formation is induced by paracrine communication.
(A) Using a cell culture insert assay, CDC1132 parasites (bottom) were co-cultured with CDC1132, G3, and B7RC2 strains (transwell) for 1 hr. Then, the number of CDC1132 parasites (bottom) containing …
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Effect of CDC1132 incubation with different concentrations of extracellular vesicles (EVs).
EVs (10 or 20 µg) isolated from G3, B7RC2, and CDC1132 parasites were incubated with wild-type CDC1132 parasites for 1 hr. As control, CDC1132 parasites were incubated with the same volume of the …
Figure 5
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from different strains contain different protein cargo.
EVs’ proteomic analysis. (A) Principal-component analysis plot representing proteomics data from the comparative analysis of three independent samples of EVs isolated from CDC1132, G3, and B7RC2 …
Figure 6 with 1 supplement
Communication between different parasite strains affects attachment to the host cell.
(A) Using a cell culture insert assay, CDC1132 parasites (bottom) were co-cultured with CDC1132, G3, and B7RC2 strains (transwell) for 1 hr. Then, the percentage of amoeboid CDC1132 parasites in the …
Figure 6—figure supplement 1
PCR gel electrophoresis results for detection of Mycoplasma contamination.
Lane 1: DNA size marker; lane 2: G3 strain parasite; lane 3: B7RC2 strain parasite; lane 4: CDC1132 strain parasite; lane 5: positive control template; and lane 6: ultrapure water (negative control).
Figure 7
Visual summary of role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and cytonemes in T.vaginalis parasite: parasite communication.
Different T. vaginalis strains release EVs that have specific protein content and affect the formation of filopodia and cytonemes of recipient parasites. The communication among parasites from …
Videos
Video 1
Live-cell microscopy revealed the presence of filamentous structures extending from the surface of T. vaginalis.
Video 2
Cytonemes protruding from CDC1132 parasites in contact with BPH1 cells by videomicroscopy.
Additional files
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Supplementary file 1
List of proteins identified in isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) from G3, CDC1132, and B7RC2 strains by mass spectrometry.
LFQ(label-free quantitation) intensity: Untargeted label-free quantitation of proteins.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/86067/elife-86067-supp1-v2.xlsx
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MDAR checklist
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/86067/elife-86067-mdarchecklist1-v2.pdf
