Octopamine integrates the status of internal energy supply into the formation of food-related memories
- Department of Biology, Institute for Zoology, University Köln, Germany
Figures
Figure 1
Starvation influences the strength of memory.
(A) Appetitive olfactory learning and memory paradigm. (B) Appetitive 2 min short-term memory (STM), 6 hr and 24 hr memory of w1118 or TβhnM18 that were starved either for 16 hr (white bars) or 40 …
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Figure 1—source data 1
The raw data and sensory acuity data of Figure 1 and related supplement.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/88247/elife-88247-fig1-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 2 with 1 supplement
Starvation influences the type of memory.
(A) Appetitive short-term memory (STM) training with 2 M sucrose and cold shock directly or 2 hr after training. Mildly starved control flies exhibit an appetitive memory sensitive to cold shock 3 …
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Figure 2—source data 1
The raw data and sensory acuity data of Figure 2 and related supplement.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/88247/elife-88247-fig2-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Controls for heat shift experiment in Figure 2B.
To control for memory performance without a heat shift, flies expressing a temperature-sensitive shibire transgene under the control of the R1504-Gal4 driver were trained and tested at the …
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Octopamine suppresses memory.
(A) Feeding 3 mM of the octopamine receptor antagonist epinastine for 1 hr after training resulted in memory 6 hr later in w1118 flies. Feeding 3 mM octopamine for 6 hr after training suppresses …
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Figure 3—source data 1
The raw data of Figure 3 and related supplement.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/88247/elife-88247-fig3-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Octopamine but not tyramine suppresses food intake.
The w1118 flies were starved for 17 hr followed by feeding 1 hr octopamine (10 mg/ml), tyramine (10 or 100 mg/ml), or water. The intake of 5% sucrose after 3 hr was determined using the CAFÉ assay. …
Figure 4
Elevated glycogen levels correlate with reduced sucrose preference.
(A) Analysis of whole-body glycogen levels in w1118 and Tβhnm18 flies. In TβhnM18 flies, glycogen content is significantly higher than those in w1118 flies under similar starvation conditions. N = 3 …
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Figure 4—source data 1
Raw data related to Figure 4.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/88247/elife-88247-fig4-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 5 with 2 supplements
Carbohydrate storage influences appetitive short-term memory (STM).
(A) Schemata of glycogen synthesis. The expression of GlyP-RNAi reduced glycogen phosphorylase and increased glycogen levels, whereas GlyS-RNAi reduced glycogen synthase and decreased glycogen …
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Figure 5—source data 1
The raw data and sensory acuity data of Figure 5 and related supplement.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/88247/elife-88247-fig5-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Glycogen level in adult flies with reduced GlyP and GlyS.
The relative glycogen content in flies with altered GlyP and GlyS in muscles, fat bodies, or both. The expression of GlyP-RNAi and GlyS-RNAi under the control of mef2-Gal4 did not significantly …
Figure 5—figure supplement 2
The glycogen level in the mushroom bodies does not influence appetitive short-term memory (STM).
(A) The expression of GlyS-RNAi under control of the mef2-Gal4; mb247-Gal4 drivers increased STM. (B) The expression of GlyS-RNAi under control of the mb247-Gal4 driver did not change STM. Flies …
Figure 6 with 1 supplement
Reducing glycogen in TβhnM18 improves appetitive short-term memory (STM).
(A) Decreasing glycogen concentration using UAS-GlySRNAi in the muscles or fat bodies in TβhnM18 mutants did not improve STM, but decreasing glycogen in both tissues improved STM to control levels. …
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Figure 6—source data 1
The raw data and sensory acuity data of Figure 6 and related supplement.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/88247/elife-88247-fig6-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 6—figure supplement 1
Starvation influences yeast consumption of Tβhnm18 flies.
Non-starved Tβhnm18 male flies consumed significantly more yeast within 24 hr. Starved Tβhnm18 mutants consumed similar amounts of yeast. N = 26 groups of eight flies. To determine differences …
Figure 7 with 1 supplement
Insulin signaling in reward neurons regulates short-term memory (STM).
(A) The activated form of the InR is expressed in punctuate manner throughout the brain (in magenta) and is also detected in octopaminergic reward neurons visualized by using the UAS-mCD8::GFP …
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Figure 7—source data 1
The raw data and sensory acuity data of Figure 7.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/88247/elife-88247-fig7-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 7—figure supplement 1
The antibody against phosphorylated InR recognizes activated InR.
(A, B) In the antennal lobes (AL) of the male adult brain, the immunoreactivity recognized by the anti-InRP antibody is shown in magenta, and GFP expression is shown in green. The Gal4 expression of …
Figure 8
Prolonged starvation results in rebound sucrose intake in hyperglycemic TβhnM18 mutants.
(A) Capillary feeder assay used to determine food intake. (B) Flies were starved 16 hr or 40 hr before 24 hr food intake was measured. After 16 hr of starvation, TβhnM18 mutants significantly …
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Figure 8—source data 1
The raw data related of Figure 8.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/88247/elife-88247-fig8-data1-v1.xlsx
Tables
Key resources table
| Reagent type (species) or resource | Designation | Source or reference | Identifiers | Additional information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strain, strain background (Drosophila melanogaster) | w1118TβhnM18 | Monastirioti et al., 1996 | ||
| Strain, strain background (D. melanogaster) | w1118 | Scholz lab | ||
| Strain, strain background (D. melanogaster) | UAS-GlySHMS01279-RNAi | BDSC | BDSC_34930 | |
| Strain, strain background (D. melanogaster) | UAS-GlyPHMS00032-RNAi | BDSC | BDSC_33634 | |
| Strain, strain background (D. melanogaster) | w1118; UAS-shits | Kitamoto, 2001 | ||
| Strain, strain background (D. melanogaster) | P{UAS-InR. K1409A} | BDSC | BDSC_8253 | |
| Strain, strain background (D. melanogaster) | w1118; FB-Gal4 | Partridge Lab | ||
| Strain, strain background (D. melanogaster) | mef2-Gal4 | Ranganayakulu et al., 1998 | ||
| Strain, strain background (D. melanogaster) | R15A04-Gal4 | BDSC | BDSC_48671 | |
| Strain, strain background (D. melanogaster) | dTdc2-Gal4 | Cole et al., 2005 | ||
| Chemical compound, drug | 3-Octanol | Sigma-Aldrich | 93856 | |
| Chemical compound, drug | 4-Methyl-cyclohexanol | Sigma-Aldrich | 153095 | |
| Chemical compound, drug | Paraffin oil | Sigma-Aldrich | 76235 | |
| Chemical compound, drug | Octopamin -hydrochlorid | Sigma-Aldrich | O0250-1G | |
| Chemical compound, drug | Epinastine-hydrochlorid | Sigma-Aldrich | E5156 | |
| Commercial assay or kit | Glucose (HK) assay kit | Sigma-Aldrich | GAHK20 | |
| Commercial assay or kit | Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) Kit | Sigma-Aldrich | 395B | |
| Antibody | Phospho-IGF-I Receptor β (Tyr1131) /Insulin Receptor β (Tyr1146) Antibody (polyclonal rabbit) | Cell Signaling Technology | 3021 | 1:50 |
