Trans regulation of an odorant binding protein by a proto-Y chromosome affects male courtship in house fly
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, United States
Figures
Figure 1 with 1 supplement
Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of the Obp56h gene family within M. domestica and D. melanogaster based on protein sequences constructed in MEGA X (Kumar et al., 2018).
Amino acid sequences were aligned by MUSCLE (Edgar, 2004). M. domestica Obp56h genes are identified based on gene IDs. The bootstrap consensus tree was inferred from 10,000 replicates. Branch …
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Summary of Obp56h expression in IIIM (red) and YM (blue) males reared at 18°C and 29°C.
Obp56h genes are identified based on gene ID. Error bars denote standard errors of the mean (three replicate samples per genotype × temperature group). Significance of effects are shown by symbols: …
Figure 2 with 2 supplements
IIIM chromosome and developmental temperature affect male courtship success.
(A) Outcomes of competitive courtship assays between IIIM and YM males reared at 18°C or 29°C. Data points represent experimental batches. Horizontal lines denote the median across all batches. (B) …
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Summary of the effect of developmental temperature on copulation latency in IIIM (salmon), YM (turquoise), and LPR (black) males reared at 22°C and 29°C.
(A) Copulation latency is estimated as the time taken to copulate (attached >1 min) with a female. (B) Copulation latency is estimated as a proportion of males (out of five males within one …
Figure 2—figure supplement 2
Summary of survival analysis results between male proto-Y chromosome genotypes and developmental temperatures.
Summary of survival analysis results (pooled across experimental batches) depicting the proportion of unmated YM (turquoise) and IIIM (salmon) males as a function of time (minutes), at 22°C (A) and …
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Network visualization of the co-expression module that is differentially regulated between IIIM and YM males.
Each circle within the module is a gene, and Obp56h genes are indicated with purple fill. Lines represent edge connections between genes. Genes labeled with ‘+’ are within the top 100 most strongly …
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Measures of intramodular connectivity (kWithin) for individual genes within the gene co-expression module, ranked in descending order.
The horizontal red line denotes the separation between the top five hub genes (listed in descending order of kWithin) and the remainder of the genes in the module. Each data point indicates the …
Figure 4 with 2 supplements
Obp56h expression is correlated with the expression of genes on Muller Element A.
Percent of genes on each chromosome within (A) the top 100 genes with the strongest correlated co-expression to the Obp56h family in house fly, and (B) genes differentially expressed (DE) between Obp…
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Proportions of genes on each chromosome that are differentially expressed in the body (head removed) between Obp56h knockdown and control D. melanogaster (black bars: males, gray bars: females).
Asterisks indicate a significant difference between observed (bars) and expected (red lines) counts of genes on each chromosome compared to all other chromosomes (Fisher’s exact test, p<0.05). …
Figure 4—figure supplement 2
Differential expression between male house fly genotypes of genes that are differentially expressed upon Obp56h knockdown in D. melanogaster.
Positive values indicate higher expression in IIIM house fly males, and negative values indicate higher expression in YM males. The blue vertical line in each panel indicates the observed mean log2 …
Figure 5
Evidence for IIIM-biased expression of hub genes on house fly chromosome III.
Allele-specific expression (ASE) in (A) LOC101893264 (Md-gd), (B) LOC101893651 (CG2120 ortholog), and (C) LOC101894501 (Md-Gr35).The x-axis depicts base pair positions (scaffold coordinates) of the …
Figure 6 with 1 supplement
CG8745 and Obp56h expression are correlated in male head tissue of both M. domestica and D. melanogaster.
Correlations of gene expression between Obp56h (house fly LOC105261916) and CG8745 (LOC101887703) in (A) house fly male head tissue and (B) D. melanogaster male head tissue. Values for D. …
Figure 6—figure supplement 1
Expression levels in D. melanogaster head tissues of Obp56h and the hub genes in the co-expression network.
The distribution of log10 normalized expression levels for all genes above a minimum threshold in a given tissue sample are plotted as smoothed histograms. Normalized expression was calculated for …
Figure 7
CG2120 is broadly expressed and affects copulation latency.
Expression levels of CG2120 are plotted using (A) RNA-seq data from developmental stages (Graveley et al., 2011), (B) RNA-seq data from adult tissues (Brown et al., 2014), or (C) microarray data …
Figure 8
Hypothesized relationships between Obp56h expression, proto-Y chromosome genotype, and male mating behavior based on house fly and D. melanogaster gene expression data.
(A) Summary of evidence for an evolutionarily conserved trans regulatory loop between Obp56h and Muller element A (house fly chromosome III and D. melanogaster X chromosome). Our hypothesis is based …
Additional files
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Supplementary file 1
Supplementary tables (1A–1H) described throughout main text.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/90349/elife-90349-supp1-v1.xlsx
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MDAR checklist
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/90349/elife-90349-mdarchecklist1-v1.docx
