To improve the reliability of transmitting small single-photon voltage responses, rod photoreceptor cells release synaptic vesicles in regularly timed multivesicular events that are exquisitely sensitive to small voltage changes.

Serine and threonine phosphorylation sites work in concert to provide rapid and reproducible desensitization of the G-protein coupled receptor rhodopsin.

Two-photon imaging reveals super-sparse responses to natural images in primate V1, which carry sufficient information for discrimination of the input natural images with high accuracy.

Discrepancies between functional responses measured with electrophysiology and calcium imaging can be largely reconciled by considering the spike-to-calcium transfer function, neuronal sampling bias, and cluster merging artifacts during spike sorting.

Curvature-preferring neurons in monkey V4 cluster into 0.5-mm patches, which highlights the importance of curvature detection in visual object recognition and the key functional role of V4 in this process.

Binocular combination of monocular neuronal responses involves response suppression for neurons more preferring one eye and response enhancement for neurons more preferring both eyes in macaque V1.

Curves and corners are separately encoded by neurons clustered into functional domains in macaque V4.

Apical and basal dendrites contribute differently to single-neuron orientation selectivity, highlighting the impact of feedforward and feedback signal interactions.

Neurons within rat somatosensory cortex are selective to texture and are spatially organized according to their texture preference.

New experiments and theory reveal how the ability to see image details depends upon photoreceptor function and eye movements, and how fruit flies (Drosophila) see spatial details beyond the optical limit of their compound eyes.