New archaeobotanical data from Negev Highland rubbish middens demonstrate that crop diversity in the Southern Levant expanded more during the first millennium CE than in any earlier period, yet with minimal consequences for consumption and production patterns.

After domestication, the cultivation range expansion of crops was not solely dictated by human activity but instead constrained by climatic factors, which in turn resulted in distinct phenotypic characteristics of locally adaptive landraces.

Gene flow analysis reveals that the genomes of most sub-Saharan populations are the result of recent historical admixture events.