Experimental work and computational models reveal how the timing between the inhibitory and excitatory inputs modulates the function of the inferior olive nucleus, a key structure for motor learning and cognition.

Inhibition from the cerebellar nuclei to the inferior olive is exclusively asynchronous and GABAergic, whereas the vestibular nuclei provide rapid synchronous inhibition mediated by mixed GABA and glycinergic synapses.

Non-synaptic electrical events recorded simultaneously from pairs of neurons in the inferior olive nucleus enables accurate estimation of the size and of the clustered organization of the electrically coupled network.

Unbiased transcriptomics reveals novel insights into the mechanisms that may contribute to regional neurodegeneration in SCA1, and other SCAs in general.

Inhibitory cerebellar feedback to the inferior olive is central to computational models of learning, but novel targets of these neurons identified here expand their potential roles.

Infant rats distinguish between self- and other-generated movements, and they do so primarily when moving during active sleep.

VIP neurons are a novel class of inferior colliculus stellate neurons that project to long-range auditory and non-auditory targets and integrate inputs from the auditory brainstem and contralateral IC.

During learning, one climbing fiber input instructs plasticity that is expressed in the simple-spike responses of cerebellar Purkinje cells, and causes neural learning that may inhibit future climbing fiber instructions.

Medial cerebellar nucleus comprises five major types of excitatory projection neurons differentially connected with specific subsets of inferior olive neurons, Purkinje cells, and somatomotor, oromotor, positional-autonomic, orienting and arousal circuits.