Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G proteins regulate immunity by directly coupling to the FLS2 receptor
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of British Columbia, Canada
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, China
Abstract
The Arabidopsis immune receptor FLS2 perceives bacterial flagellin epitope flg22 to activate defenses through the central cytoplasmic kinase BIK1. The heterotrimeric G proteins composed of the non-canonical Gα protein XLG2, the Gβ protein AGB1, and the Gγ proteins AGG1 and AGG2 are required for FLS2-mediated immune responses through an unknown mechanism. Here we show that in the pre-activation state, XLG2 directly interacts with FLS2 and BIK1, and it functions together with AGB1 and AGG1/2 to attenuate proteasome-mediated degradation of BIK1, allowing optimum immune activation. Following the activation by flg22, XLG2 dissociates from AGB1 and is phosphorylated by BIK1 in the N terminus. The phosphorylated XLG2 enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) likely by modulating the NADPH oxidase RbohD. The study demonstrates that the G proteins are directly coupled to the FLS2 receptor complex and regulate immune signaling through both pre-activation and post-activation mechanisms.
Article and author information
Author details
Reviewing Editor
- Thorsten Nürnberger, University of Tubingen, Germany
Publication history
- Received: December 6, 2015
- Accepted: April 2, 2016
- Accepted Manuscript published: April 4, 2016 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: April 26, 2016 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2016, Liang et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G proteins regulate immunity by directly coupling to the FLS2 receptor
eLife 5:e13568.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13568
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