1. Neuroscience

SUMOylation of NaV1.2 channels mediates the early response to acute hypoxia in central neurons

  1. Leigh D Plant  Is a corresponding author
  2. Jeremy D Marks
  3. Steven AN Goldstein  Is a corresponding author
  1. Brandeis University, United States
  2. University of Chicago, United States
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20054
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  1. Leigh D Plant
  2. Jeremy D Marks
  3. Steven AN Goldstein
(2016)
SUMOylation of NaV1.2 channels mediates the early response to acute hypoxia in central neurons
eLife 5:e20054.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20054
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Abstract

The mechanism for the earliest response of central neurons to hypoxia-an increase in voltage-gated sodium current (INa)-has been unknown. Here, we show that hypoxia activates the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) pathway in rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) and that SUMOylation of NaV1.2 channels increases INa. The time-course for SUMOylation of single NaV1.2 channels at the cell surface and changes in INa coincide, and both are prevented by mutation of NaV1.2-Lys38 or application of a deSUMOylating enzyme. Within 40 s, hypoxia-induced linkage of SUMO1 to the channels is complete, shifting the voltage-dependence of channel activation so that depolarizing steps evoke larger sodium currents. Given the recognized role of INa in hypoxic brain damage, the SUMO pathway and NaV1.2 are identified as potential targets for neuroprotective interventions.

Article and author information

Author details

  1. Leigh D Plant

    Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
    For correspondence
    ldplant@brandeis.edu
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  2. Jeremy D Marks

    Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-2644-5257

  3. Steven AN Goldstein

    Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
    For correspondence
    goldstein@brandeis.edu
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0001-5207-5061

Funding

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS058505)

  • Steven AN Goldstein

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS056313)

  • Jeremy D Marks

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

Reviewing Editor

  1. Baron Chanda, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States

Ethics

Animal experimentation: University of Chicago Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approved the use of vertebrate animals (rats) in protocol #68001 to J. Marks.Brandeis University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), operating under Animal Welfare Assurance #A3445-01, approved the use of vertebrate animals (rats) in protocol #0910-09 to Suzanne Paradis.The neurons are studied by various techniques, including electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry and microscopy. Invertebrate model systems are not useful here because the proteins we study are not present in their genome. Where possible we use tissue culture cells, however, much of the work focuses on how native ion channels are expressed and regulated. Rodents are the lowest phylogenetic order in which we can carry out the experiments we propose. Rats are also the standard organism for studies of cerebellar granule neuron physiology and are well established in the field as the organism of choice for the studies proposed. Thus, there is an extensive literature against which to compare and interpret the experimental results. Rats are frequently the source of neurons for cultures due to the large size of their brains and the relative robustness of their neurons in culture. The rat is a well-accepted model for studying ischemia in vitro, providing several advantages: a) the vulnerability of the rodent nervous system to hypoxia-ischemia is well-characterized, b) that rat shares identical mechanisms of ischemia-induced neuronal death with humans and c) procedures for minimizing discomfort, distress, pain, and injury as well as for euthanasia are extensively studied and ours follow AVMA guidelines.

Version history

  1. Received: July 26, 2016
  2. Accepted: December 27, 2016
  3. Accepted Manuscript published: December 28, 2016 (version 1)
  4. Version of Record published: January 31, 2017 (version 2)

Copyright

© 2016, Plant et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

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  1. Leigh D Plant
  2. Jeremy D Marks
  3. Steven AN Goldstein
(2016)
SUMOylation of NaV1.2 channels mediates the early response to acute hypoxia in central neurons
eLife 5:e20054.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20054

Share this article

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20054

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