Shearing in flow environment promotes evolution of social behavior in microbial populations
- University of Notre Dame, United States
Figures
Figure 1
Schematics of our Model.
The microbes secrete two types of molecules into the environment. The first, a beneficial public good that promotes growth, and the second, a waste or harmful substance hinders growth. Cheating …
Figure 2
Snapshots of homogeneous and group phases without and with shear.
Microbes interact by secreting diffusive chemicals into their environment. Cooperators are seen as bright green dots, and cheaters are seen as dark green dots. The waste compound is shown as blue …
Figure 3
Turing analysis results.
The top-left figure, (A) shows the group size as obtained by our theoretical analysis (appendix); whereas the bottom figure, (B) shows the same for continuous simulations, and the top-right …
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Figure 3—source data 1
Matlab data and code files for Figure 3.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.009
Figure 4
Critical shear for cooperativity for cheater-altruist system.
(A) Group fragmentation rate versus shear rate. We see that the group fragmentation rate increases linearly with the shear rate. (B) Group population versus shear rate. As the shear distorts and …
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Figure 4—source data 1
Matlab data and code files for Figure 4.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.011
Figure 5
Evolution of sociality in constant shear (continuum of secretion rates).
Individual groups are essentially homogeneous in secretion space, whereas the meta-population contains a distribution of groups with different secretion rates (Appendix 1—figure 1). (A) Groups that …
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Figure 5—source data 1
Matlab data and code files for Figure 5.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.013
Figure 6
Evolution of sociality in pipe and vortex geometries (continuum of secretion rates).
The top row gives simulation snapshots of the system in a Hagen-Poiseuille flow in a pipe (A) and of the system in a Rankine vortex (B). The middle row gives the average microbial population and the …
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Figure 6—source data 1
Matlab data and code files for Figure 6.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.015
Appendix 1—figure 1
Secretion rate distributions of groups under different shear rates.
Microbes are grouped by their position in space and the distribution of their secretion rates is plotted. Simulations were started with a secretion rate of 100 and random mutations were allowed to …
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Appendix 1—figure 1—source data 1
Matlab data and code files for figure in appendix.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.024
Videos
Video 1
This is a video file of a simulation of the homogeneous phase.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.003
Video 2
This is a video file of a simulation of the group phase.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.004
Video 3
This is a video file of a simulation of the group phase under Couette flow.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.005
Video 4
This is a video file of a simulation of the group phase under a Hagen-Poiseuille flow.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.016
Video 5
This is a video file of a simulation of the group phase under a Rankine vortex flow.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.017Tables
Table 1
Summary of system parameters.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.018| Parameter | Definition | Values |
|---|---|---|
| Microbial diffusion constant | ||
| Public good diffusion constant | ||
| Waste diffusion constant | ||
| Flow velocity | ||
| Public good decay constant | ||
| Waste decay constant | ||
| Public good saturation | ||
| Waste saturation | ||
| Public good secretion rate | ||
| Waste secretion rate | ||
| Benefit of public good | ||
| Harm of waste compound | ||
| Cost of secretion | ||
| Mutation rate |
Additional files
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Source code 1
Matlab code for discrete stochastic simulations.
Main file is main_discrete.m. See README file for more information.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.019
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Source code 2
Matlab code for continuous simulations used in Figure 3B.
Main file is main_continuous.m. See README file for more information.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.020
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Transparent reporting form
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.021
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Appendix 1—figure 1—source data 1
Matlab data and code files for figure in appendix.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.34862.024
