Cryo-EM structure of the rhodopsin-Gαi-βγ complex reveals binding of the rhodopsin C-terminal tail to the Gβ subunit

Abstract

One of the largest membrane protein families in eukaryotes are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs modulate cell physiology by activating diverse intracellular transducers, prominently heterotrimeric G proteins. The recent surge in structural data has expanded our understanding of GPCR-mediated signal transduction. However, many aspects, including the existence of transient interactions, remain elusive. We present the cryo-EM structure of the light-sensitive GPCR rhodopsin in complex with heterotrimeric Gi. Our density map reveals the receptor C-terminal tail bound to the Gβ subunit of the G protein, providing a structural foundation for the role of the C-terminal tail in GPCR signaling, and of Gβ as scaffold for recruiting Gα subunits and G protein-receptor kinases. By comparing available complexes, we found a small set of common anchoring points that are G protein-subtype specific. Taken together, our structure and analysis provide new structural basis for the molecular events of the GPCR signaling pathway.

Data availability

The cryo-EM density map of the rhodopsin-Gi complex bound to Fab16 has been deposited in the EM Data Bank (accession code EMD-4598), and the related structure coordinates have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (accession code 6QNO). The crystal structure of Fab16 has been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (accession code 6QNK). Source data for Figure 3 is provided in Suppl. Table 3.

The following data sets were generated
The following previously published data sets were used

Article and author information

Author details

  1. Ching-Ju Tsai

    Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0001-8320-5009
  2. Jacopo Marino

    Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0001-7095-0800
  3. Ricardo Adaixo

    Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  4. Filip Pamula

    Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  5. Jonas Muehle

    Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  6. Shoji Maeda

    Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  7. Tilman Flock

    Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0003-3398-0968
  8. Nicholas MI Taylor

    Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0003-0761-4921
  9. Inayatulla Mohammed

    Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  10. Hugues Matile

    Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  11. Roger JP Dawson

    Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  12. Xavier Deupi

    Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
    For correspondence
    xavier.deupi@psi.ch
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0003-4572-9316
  13. Henning Stahlberg

    Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    For correspondence
    Henning.Stahlberg@unibas.ch
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-1185-4592
  14. Gebhard Schertler

    Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
    For correspondence
    gebhard.schertler@psi.ch
    Competing interests
    Gebhard Schertler, declares that he is a co-founder and scientific advisor of the company leadXpro AG and InterAx Biotech AG, and that he has been a member of the MAX IV Scientific Advisory Committee during the time when the research has been performed..

Funding

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (310030_153145)

  • Gebhard Schertler

Swiss Nanoscience Institute (A13.12 NanoGhip)

  • Gebhard Schertler

National Centres of Competence in Research (TransCure)

  • Henning Stahlberg

Holcim Stiftung

  • Jacopo Marino

ETH Zurich

  • Tilman Flock

University of Cambridge

  • Tilman Flock

Roche

  • Shoji Maeda

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (160805)

  • Xavier Deupi

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (310030B_173335)

  • Gebhard Schertler

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

Copyright

© 2019, Tsai et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

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  1. Ching-Ju Tsai
  2. Jacopo Marino
  3. Ricardo Adaixo
  4. Filip Pamula
  5. Jonas Muehle
  6. Shoji Maeda
  7. Tilman Flock
  8. Nicholas MI Taylor
  9. Inayatulla Mohammed
  10. Hugues Matile
  11. Roger JP Dawson
  12. Xavier Deupi
  13. Henning Stahlberg
  14. Gebhard Schertler
(2019)
Cryo-EM structure of the rhodopsin-Gαi-βγ complex reveals binding of the rhodopsin C-terminal tail to the Gβ subunit
eLife 8:e46041.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.46041

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https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.46041