(a) Schematic representation of the experimental design used to validate the different steps of the technique. (b) Detail of the enucleation procedure with confirmation of the spindle isolation …
Mouse oocyte arrested at MII stage before (a), during (b) and after (c) spindle removal. (d) Spindle being exposed to inactivated Sendai virus HVJ-E. (e-g) Reconstruction of enucleated oocytes and …
Microfilaments of actin are labeled in red, tubulin in green and DNA in blue.
(a) Schematic representation of the experimental design. (b) Comparison between in vitro developmental rates in MST embryos and controls. (c) Representative blastocyst images from NZB oocytes …
(a) Schematic representation of the experimental design. (b) Variant allele frequencies detected in embryo specimens. Dots represent allele frequencies of individual samples. Unpaired t-test was …
(a-c) Second polar body biopsy of a 2 cell stage MST embryo. (d-f) Blastomere biopsy of a 8 cell stage MST embryo. (g-i) Trophoectoderm biopsy of a MST blastocyst embryo.
(a) Results of SNP minisequencing analysis. The presence of guanine (G) or adenine (A); and cytosine (C) or thymine (T) at position m.3932 on the forward and reverse mtDNA strands of B6CBAF1 or NZB …
(a) Mitochondrial heteroplasmy levels in several organs from 4 male and two female adult MST mice (F1) are maintained below 6%. (b) Mitochodrial heteroplasmy levels are not significantly different …
Representative images from liver (a-c), hippocampus (d-f), kidney cortex (g-i), heart (j-m), skeletal muscle from the tibia (n-p) and smooth muscle from the bladder (q-s). All analyzed sections …
Representative images from uterus (a-c), ovary (d-f), testis (g-i), and male urethra (j-m). All analyzed sections showed the typical morphology of a healthy tissue.
Allele frequencies at positions m.2798, m.2814, m.3194, m.3260 and m.3932 in five adult mouse tissues from NZB-sp/B6-cyt MST mice measured with MiSeq (orange) and SNP m.3932 in Ion PGM sequencer …
n oocytes processed by MST | In vitro development for up 96 hr post-ICSI | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | n initial | Enucleated (%) | Fused (%) | ICSI survival (%) | n cultured | Two-cells (%) | Blastocysts (%) | Total cell counts (± SD) | Oct4+ |
Control fresh | 98 | N/A | N/A | 94 (95.9) | 94 | 91 (96.8)* | 79 (84.1)* | 192.1 (29.5) | 25.3 (5.6) |
Control vitrified | 102 | N/A | N/A | 90 (88.2) | 90 | 87 (96.7)* | 71 (78.9)*,† | N/A | N/A |
MST FreshSp/FreshCyt | 107 | 107 (100) | 103 (96.2) | 100 (97.1) | 100 | 99 (99)* | 81 (81)* | 177.8 (26.7) | 22.4 (3.5) |
MST FreshSp/VitriCyt | 96 | 96 (100) | 95 (98.9) | 90 (94.7) | 90 | 73 (81.1)† | 65 (72.2)*,‡ | N/A | N/A |
MST VitriSp/FreshCyt | 98 | 96 (97.9) | 96 (100) | 90 (93.8) | 90 | 90 (100)* | 77 (85.6)* | N/A | N/A |
MST VitriSp/VitriCyt | 98 | 95 (96.9) | 93 (97.9) | 85 (91.4) | 85 | 70 (82.4)† | 56 (65.9)†,‡ | N/A | N/A |
*, †, ‡ Values with different superscripts differ significantly within the same column (p<0.05; Chi-square test or Fisher's test).
n oocytes processed by MST | In vitro development for up 96 hr post-ICSI | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | n initial | Enucleated (%) | Fused (%) | ICSI survival (%) | Cultured | Two-cell (%) | Morula (%) | Blastocysts (%) |
Control B6CBAF1 | 155 | N/A | N/A | 149 (96.1) | 144 | 144 (100.0)* | 121 (84.1)* | 112 (77.8)* |
Control NZB | 193 | N/A | N/A | 181 (93.7) | 159 | 129 (81.1)† | 36 (22.6)† | 9 (5.6)† |
MST B6-St/NZB-Cyt | 156 | 149 (95.5) | 144 (96.6) | 132 (91.7) | 110 | 93 (70.5)† | 11 (8.3)† | 0 (0.0)‡ |
MST NZB-St/B6-Cyt | 270 | 238 (88.1) | 228 (95.7) | 221 (96.9) | 212 | 208 (98.1)* | 169 (79.7)* | 109 (51.4) § |
*,†,‡,§ Values with different superscripts differ significantly within the same column (p<0.05; Chi-square test or Fisher's test).
In vivo development | |||
---|---|---|---|
Group | n transferred | n implantation sites (%) | n full-term (%) |
Control B6CBAF1 | 58 | 23 (39.7)* | 15 (25.9) |
Control NZB | 44 | 7 (15.9)† | 6 (13.6) |
MST B6-St/NZB-Cyt | N/A | N/A | N/A |
MST NZB-St/B6-Cyt | 65 | 30 (46.1)* | 14 (21.5) |
*, † Values with different superscripts differ significantly within the same column (p<0.05; Chi-square test or Fisher's test).
Average weight | |||
---|---|---|---|
Group | n | Placentas (± SD) | Pups (± SD) |
Control B6CBAF1 | 3 | 134.1 (23.3) | 802.1 (153.2) |
Control NZB | 3 | 171.1 (27.9) | 747.9 (76.9) |
MST B6-St/NZB-Cyt | N/A | N/A | N/A |
MST NZB-St/B6-Cyt | 4 | 168.3 (14.1) | 923.5 (146.5) |
Variant site coverages referring to Supplementary file 1.
Variant site coverages referring to Supplementary file 2.
Variant site coverages referring to Supplementary file 3.
Variant site coverages referring to Supplementary file 4.
Variant site coverages referring to Supplementary file 6.
Validation of established sequencing protocol for mtDNA carryover analysis measured by Ion PGM sequencer.
Allele frequencies at position m.3932 in homoplasmic samples and artificially constructed heteroplasmic sample mixtures. See also Source data 1.
Validation of established sequencing protocol for mtDNA carryover analysis using MiSeq sequencer.
Allele frequencies at positions m.2798, m.2814, m.3194, m.3260 and m.3932 in homoplasmic samples and artificially constructed heteroplasmic sample mixtures. See also Source data 2.
mtDNA heteroplasmy analysis of biopsies and complementary embryos using Ion PGM platform.
Allele frequencies at position m.3932 are shown. See also Source data 3.
Analysis of fertility and developmental potential of MST litters through five generations.
Allele frequencies at position m.3932 in adult MST mouse tissues through five generations using Ion PGM platform.
See also Source data 4.
Validation of established sequencing protocol for mtDNA carryover analysis using MiSeq platform.
Allele frequencies at positions m.2798, m.2814, m.3194, m.3260 and m.3932 in adult MST mouse tissues. See alsoSource data 5.