E. coli TraR allosterically regulates transcription initiation by altering RNA polymerase conformation
- The Rockefeller University, United States
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
- Cited 1
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Abstract
TraR and its homolog DksA are bacterial proteins that regulate transcription initiation by binding directly to RNA polymerase (RNAP) rather than to promoter DNA. Effects of TraR mimic the combined effects of DksA and its cofactor ppGpp, but the structural basis for regulation by these factors remains unclear. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy to determine structures of Escherichia coli RNAP, with or without TraR, and of an RNAP-promoter complex. TraR binding induced RNAP conformational changes not seen in previous crystallographic analyses, and a quantitative analysis revealed TraR-induced changes in RNAP conformational heterogeneity. These changes involve mobile regions of RNAP affecting promoter DNA interactions, including the βlobe, the clamp, the bridge helix, and several lineage-specific insertions. Using mutational approaches, we show that these structural changes, as well as effects on σ70 region 1.1, are critical for transcription activation or inhibition, depending on the kinetic features of regulated promoters.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
National Institutes of Health (R01 GM114450)
- Elizabeth A Campbell
National Institutes of Health (R01 GM37048)
- Richard L Gourse
National Institutes of Health (R35 GM118130)
- Seth A Darst
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- James M Berger, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
Publication history
- Received: June 16, 2019
- Accepted: December 13, 2019
- Accepted Manuscript published: December 16, 2019 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: January 20, 2020 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2019, Chen et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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Further reading
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- Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
- Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
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- Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
- Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
