Cue-inhibited ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons signal fear output and threat probability in male rats
- Boston College, United States
- Medical University of South Carolina, United States
Figures
Figure 1
Fear discrimination, histology, heat plot and waveform characteristics.
(A) Pavlovian fear discrimination consisted of three cues predicting unique foot shock probabilities: danger, p = 1.00 (red); uncertainty, p = 0.375 (purple); and safety, p = 0.00 (blue). (B) …
Figure 2 with 1 supplement
vlPAG neurons flip to excitation or sustain inhibition over cue presentation.
(A) Mean normalized firing to danger (red), uncertainty (purple) and safety (blue) is shown for the 2 s pre-cue period, 10 s cue period, and 2 s delay period for the Flip population (n = 45). Cue …
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Trial by trial firing for Flip and Sustain populations.
(A, left ) Normalized firing rate for the Flip population (n = 45) is shown across cue presentation for each of the six danger trials. Trials are color-coded from dark (first trial) to light (last …
Figure 3
Sustain and Flip populations signal threat probability and fear output.
(A) Mean ± SEM beta coefficients are shown for each regressor (probability: pink, fear output: green), in 1 s intervals, for the Flip population (n = 46). (B) Beta coefficients during the first, 5 s …
Figure 4
Sustain and Flip populations probability tuning.
(A) Mean beta coefficient for probability is shown for early (light pink) or late (hot pink) cue presentation for each of nine uncertainty assignments for the Flip population (n = 45). The peak or …
Tables
Key resources table
| Reagent type (species) or resource | Designation | Source or Reference | Identifier | Additional information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibody | Anti-Tryptophan Hydroxylase (sheep polyclonal) | Sigma | Cat # T8575 RRID:AB_1080792 | [1:1000] in 0.05M PBS |
| Antibody | Biotinylated Anti-Sheep (rabbit clonality unknown) | Vector Labs | Cat # PK-6106 RRID:AB_2336217 | [1:200] in 0.05M PBS |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Normal Rabbit Serum | Vector Labs | Cat # PK-6106 RRID:AB_2336825 | 1% in 0.05M PBS |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Avidin | Vector Labs | Cat # PK-6106 RRID:AB_2336825 | [1:200] in 0.05M PBS |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Biotin | Vector Labs | Cat # PK-6106 RRID:AB_2336825 | [1:200] in 0.05M PBS |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | NovaRED Perioxidase (HRP) Substrate Kit | Vector Labs | Cat # SK-4800 RRID: AB_2336845 | 18 drops (1), 12 drops (2), 12 drops (3) and 12 drops H2O2 solution in DI H2O. |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Triton | Sigma | Cat # T8787 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Hydrogen Peroxide | Sigma | Cat # 216763 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Paraformaldehyde | Sigma | Cat # P6148 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Sucrose | Fisher Scientific | Cat # S5 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Sodium Chloride | Fisher Scientific | Cat # S 640 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Histoprep 100% Reagent Alcohol | Fisher Scientific | Cat # HC800 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Histoprep 95% Reagent Alcohol | Fisher Scientific | Cat # HC1300 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Histoclear II | Fisher Scientific | Cat # 5089990150 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Omnimount | Fisher Scientific | Cat # 5089990146 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin | Fisher Scientific | Cat # 22899402 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Potassium Phosphate Monobasic | Fisher Scientific | Cat # P285 | |
| Chemical Compound, Drug | Potassium Phosphate Dibasic | Fisher Scientific | Cat # P288 | |
| Software and Algorithms | MED PC-IV | Med Associates | RRID:SCR_012156 | |
| Software and Algorithms | OmniPlex | Plexon | Data Acquisition System | |
| Software and Algorithms | Offline Sorter V6 | Plexon | RRID:SCR_000012 | |
| Software and Algorithms | NeuroExplorer | Plexon | RRID:SCR_001818 | |
| Software and Algorithms | Matlab | Mathworks | RRID:SCR_001622 | |
| Software and Algorithms | Statistica | StatSoft | RRID:SCR_014213 | |
| Software and Algorithms | SPSS | IBM | RRID:SCR_002865 | |
| Software and Algorithms | Adobe Illustrator | Adobe | RRID:SCR_010279 | |
| Software and Algorithms | Adobe Photoshop | Adobe | RRID:SCR_014199 | |
| Other | Plexon standard commutator | Plexon | Cat # 50122 | |
| Other | Plexon head stage cable | Plexon | Cat # 91809–017 | Metal Mesh Enclosed Cable |
| Other | Plexon head stage | Plexon | Cat # 40684–020 | |
| Other | Omnetics connector | Omnetics Corporation | Cat # A79042-001 | |
| Other | Green board - Moveable Array | San Francisco Circuits | Cat # PCB | |
| Other | Stainless Steel ground wire | AM Systems | Cat # 791400 | |
| Other | Formvar Insulated Nichrome Wire | AM Systems | Cat # 761500 | |
| Other | Dustless Precision Pellets | Bio-Serv | Cat # F0021 |
Additional files
-
Transparent reporting form
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50054.007
