Transmission dynamics and control of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonates in a developing country
- Mahidol University, Thailand
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Viet Nam
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is an increasing cause of infant mortality in developing countries. We aimed to develop a quantitative understanding of the drivers of this epidemic by estimating the effects of antibiotics on nosocomial transmission risk, comparing competing hypotheses about mechanisms of spread, and quantifying the impact of potential interventions. Using a sequence of dynamic models, we analysed data from a one-year prospective carriage study in a Cambodian neonatal unit with hyperendemic third-generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae. All widely-used antibiotics except imipenem were associated with an increased daily acquisition risk, with an odds ratio for the most common combination (ampicillin + gentamicin) of 1.96 (95% CrI 1.18, 3.36). Models incorporating genomic data found that colonisation pressure was associated with a higher transmission risk, indicated sequence type heterogeneity in transmissibility, and showed that within-ward transmission was insufficient to maintain endemicity. Simulations indicated that increasing the nurse-patient ratio could be an effective intervention.
Data availability
Code for reproducing the statisticalmodel fitting and anonymised patient data are available at https://github.com/tc13/transmission-dynamics-klebsiella. The code for the agent based model and parameter values for forward simulations are available at https://github.com/tc13/ward-infection-ABM. Short read sequence data is available from NCBI under accession numbers PRJNA395864 and PR600JEB24970.
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Neonatal Carriage Data, Klebsiella pneumoniaeGithub transmission-dynamics-klebsiella.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
Wellcome (106698/Z/14/Z)
- Nicholas PJ Day
Medical Research Council (MR/K006924/1)
- Ben S Cooper
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Ethics
Human subjects: Written consent was obtained from mothers before study enrolment. The study was reviewed and approved by the Angkor Hospital for Children Institutional Review Board (1055/13 AHC) and the University of Oxford Tropical Ethics Committee (1047-13).
Copyright
© 2019, Crellen et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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Transmission dynamics and control of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonates in a developing country
eLife 8:e50468.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50468
