This collection brings together translational and clinical research articles on COVID-19, influenza, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria, typhoid fever and a number of other neglected, tropical and emerging infectious diseases.
Readers of this collection may also be interested in other eLife articles found on COVID-19: A Collection of Articles, Malaria: A Collection of Articles and on our subject pages for Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Medicine and Epidemiology and Global Health.
For more on publishing your translational research and clinical studies on Infectious Diseases with eLife explore our author guide.
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Epidemiology and Global Health
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Medicine
Protracted systemic and microvascular inflammation, as well as high anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, is associated with a high risk of persistent structural and functional lung deficits 6 months after COVID-19.
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Epidemiology and Global Health
A systematic review with multilevel modelling quantified the positive association between human antibodies to Anopheles salivary proteins with Anopheles-human biting rate and epidemiological measures of malaria transmission, highlighting their potential as a tool to measure vector exposure and malaria transmission.
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Immunology and Inflammation
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Prevaccination levels of transcriptional modules related to monocytes, dendritic cells, and other immune categories correlate with clinical malaria risk in RTS,S/AS01E-vaccinated African children, suggesting that certain monocyte subsets may inhibit RTS,S/AS01E-induced protective responses.
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Epidemiology and Global Health
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Medicine
Patient outcomes, and the time spent by patients during hospital admission, showed considerable variation over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Epidemiology and Global Health
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Healthcare workers working on COVID-19 wards experience a 31-fold increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 compared to colleagues on non-COVID-19 wards whilst wearing fluid-resistant surgical masks, and FFP3 respirators provide up to 100% protection against infection.
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Data exploring host and parasite signatures in the peripheral blood indicate that total parasite biomass is a better predictor of P. vivax-induced host responses and pathogenesis than peripheral parasitemia.
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Medicine
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Despite evidence of significant anti-cryptococcal activity in vitro and animal models, including synergy with other antifungal agents, high-dose tamoxifen has no impact on cerebrospinal fluid sterilization in cryptococcal meningitis.
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Medicine
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
In two independent cohorts, NNRTI-based cART regimens are associated with significantly lower cell-associated HIV RNA levels than PI-based regimens, suggesting more potent suppression of residual virus replication by NNRTI-based regimens.
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Medicine
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Wide variation in cycle threshold (Ct) values from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests over calendar time offers the potential for their broader use in public testing programmes as an ‘early-warning’ system for shifts in infectious load and hence transmission.
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Medicine
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Relationships of biomarkers with clinical outcome differed between children and adults and the best combinations associated with moderate/severe dengue comprised of six/seven vascular and immune biomarkers.
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Medicine
Widespread asymptomatic SARS-CoV2 infection affected nearly 100 million Indians by September 2020 with a subsequent decline in new cases, which may be attributable to increased population immunity, albeit seeing reduced neutralization activity at 6 months this respite may be temporary.
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Medicine
Although the ID NOW platform is less sensitive than RT–PCR for identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it provides high positive and negative predictive values in low-prevalence populations.
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Genetics and Genomics
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic divergence in healthcare-associated outbreaks demonstrates that the inclusion of healthcare workers in contact networks identifies additional links in SARS-CoV-2 transmission pathways.
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Genetics and Genomics
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
In this ideal example of pharmacogenomics, individuals with a common variant in a gene encoding for an inflammatory lipid mediator benefit selectively from standard-of-care anti-inflammatory treatment used for tuberculous meningitis.
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Medicine
Distinct haemocytometric parameters, including cell activation markers, combined in a prognostic score may support early identification of COVID-19 patients likely to deteriorate and thus may benefit from ICU admission.
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Medicine
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Using data for 2566 COVID-19 patients from five hospitals, models are developed to predict for each patient hospitalization and critical care needs, based on demographics, comorbidities, medications, and laboratory findings.
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Medicine
Longitudinal laboratory testing results tied to SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic PCR results of more than 2500 patients reveal the temporal evolution of COVID-associated coagulopathy.
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Medicine
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Applying deep learning technology for the large-scale curation of symptoms from unstructured EHR clinical notes accurately predicts the differential signals of COVID-19 diagnosis over the week preceding typical PCR testing.
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Computational and Systems Biology
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Medicine
Gene expression analysis reveals a novel, integrated molecular mechanism for much of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 that provides therapeutic intervention points that can be addressed with existing approved pharmaceuticals.
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
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Medicine
Controlled human malaria infection model allows the study of gametocyte biology and dynamics providing novel insights and tools in malaria transmission and elimination efforts.
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Medicine
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Mass spectrometry on plasma from patients with typhoid fever and other febrile disease identified and validated 24 metabolites that can distinguish typhoid from other febrile diseases, providing a new approach for typhoid diagnostics.
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Epidemiology and Global Health
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
A global map of environmental suitability for Zika virus and the estimated population living at potential risk can help refine public health guidelines, travel advisories and intervention strategies at a crucial time in the global emergence of this arbovirus.
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Medicine
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Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Measuring HIV-1 DNA levels at the time of stopping antiretroviral therapy (when initiated during primary infection) predicts clinical progression and the time taken for plasma viraemia to become detectable.
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