Shifts in myeloarchitecture characterise adolescent development of cortical gradients

  1. Casey Paquola  Is a corresponding author
  2. Richard AI Bethlehem  Is a corresponding author
  3. Jakob Seidlitz
  4. Konrad Wagstyl
  5. Rafael Romero-Garcia
  6. Kirstie J Whitaker
  7. Reinder Vos de Wael
  8. Guy B Williams
  9. NSPN Consortium
  10. Petra E Vértes
  11. Daniel S Margulies
  12. Boris Bernhardt  Is a corresponding author
  13. Edward T Bullmore  Is a corresponding author
  1. McGill University, Canada
  2. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
  3. National Institute of Mental Health, United States
  4. The Alan Turing Institute, United Kingdom
  5. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, France
10 figures and 2 additional files

Figures

Figure 1 with 2 supplements
Intracortical MT depth profiling.

(A) Left. Equivolumetric surfaces overlaid on an MT image of a single subject, also showing an example vertex along which MT intensity is sampled (example MT profile in grey, with lighter tones …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.002
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Baseline properties of SD and kurtosis.

(A) Examples of hyper-stained myelin pictures (Nieuwenhuys and Broere, 2017; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Vogt, 1911) with corresponding myelin profile and group-average MT profile from the same region. V1 =…

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.003
Figure 1—figure supplement 2
Replication with different classification of cytoarchitectural complexity (Von Economo and Koskinas, 2008).

(A) Distribution of values across each cortical class. (B) Z-scores of relative over or under-representation of parcels showing an age-related effect within each class. Classes showing a significant …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.004
Figure 2 with 1 supplement
Age-related changes in MT moments.

(A) Shifts in MT profiles and moments from lowest to highest age strata shown for exemplar regions of laminar differentiation (Figure 1). (B) Upper. Age-related changes in MT moments (qFDR <0.00625).…

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.005
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Age-related changes in SD and kurtosis.

(A) Upper t-statistics projected on the cortical surfaces depict significant age-related changes in MT moments. Lower Scatter plots depict individual changes in average moment value across …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.006
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Gene decoding of age-related changes in skewness against the Allen Institute for Brain Sciences gene expression atlas.

Only genes negatively relating to age-related changes in skewness are shown as only these genes survived FDR < 0.05. No other moments had any significantly associated genes. Cell-type-specific …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.007
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Gene ontology analyses from baseline profiles of the four moments of the intensity distribution.

Results from this spatial overlap analysis show no clear or unique ontological profile for any of the genes and when p-values were corrected for FDR across the four moments and positive and negative …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.008
Figure 4 with 3 supplements
Age-related changes in microstructure profile covariance (MPC).

(A) Subject-specific MPC matrices (stacked) were used in mixed effect models to calculate age-related changes in microstructural similarity between each node pair, generating a t-statistic matrix (mi…

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.009
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Deconstructing age-related changes in MPC.

(A) Age-related changes in MPC stratified by increases (red) and decreases (blue). (B) Edge-wise changes in MPC were stratified by level of laminar differentiation. Raincloud plots illustrate the …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.010
Figure 4—figure supplement 2
Increasing bimodality of the principle gradient of microstructural differentiation.

(Left) Matrices showing the Pearson correlation between average MT profiles within ten discrete bins of principal developmental gradient (G1Dev) for young (<16 years) and old (>24 years). (Right) …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.011
Figure 4—figure supplement 3
Developmental gradients derived from moment difference.

Absolute difference in MT moment values between each pair of regions was calculated for each participant and transformed into a node x node matrix. In the same manner as developmental gradient …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.012
Appendix 1—figure 1
Matrices depict the strength of correlations (r values) between (A) baseline maps of MT moments and (B) t-statistic maps of age-related changes in MT moments.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.016
Appendix 1—figure 2
Independence of effects controlling for cortical thickness.

(A) Spatial distribution of MT moments corrected for cortical thickness (moment(n)~b0 + b1thickness(n) + ε). (B) t-statistics representing the age-related changes in MT moments, with cortical …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.017
Appendix 1—figure 3
Independence of effects controlling for interface blurring.

(A) Spatial distribution of MT moments corrected for interface blurring (moment(n)~b0 + blurring(n) + ε). (B) t-statistics representing the age-related changes in MT moments, with interface blurring …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.018
Appendix 1—figure 4
Independence of effects controlling for mean MT.

(A) Spatial distribution of MT moments corrected for mean MT (moment(n)~b0 + b1meanMT(n) + ε). (B) t-statistics representing the age-related changes in MT moments, with mean MT included in the …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.019
Appendix 1—figure 5
Association of laminar thickness with MT moments.

(Left) Laminar thickness, derived from a post mortem volumetric reconstruction of a Merker stained human brain (Wagstyl et al., 2018). (Right) Spearman correlation coefficients between spatial maps …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50482.020

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