Feedback contribution to surface motion perception in the human early visual cortex
- Maastricht University, Netherlands
- University Health Network, Canada
Abstract
Human visual surface perception has neural correlates in early visual cortex, but the role of feedback during surface segmentation in human early visual cortex remains unknown. Feedback projections preferentially enter superficial and deep anatomical layers, which provides a hypothesis for the cortical depth distribution of fMRI activity related to feedback. Using ultra-high field fMRI, we report a depth distribution of activation in line with feedback during the (illusory) perception of surface motion. Our results fit with a signal re-entering in superficial depths of V1, followed by a feedforward sweep of the re-entered information through V2 and V3. The magnitude and sign of the BOLD response strongly depended on the presence of texture in the background, and was additionally modulated by the presence of illusory motion perception compatible with feedback. In summary, the present study demonstrates the potential of depth-resolved fMRI in tackling biomechanical questions on perception.
Data availability
The fMRI dataset, experimental stimuli, and analysis code are publicly available. The fMRI dataset is available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3366301). The software used for the presentation of retinotopic mapping stimuli, and for the corresponding analysis, is available on github (https://github.com/ingo-m/pyprf). Example videos of the main experimental stimuli are available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2583017). If you would like to reproduce the experimental stimuli, the respective PsychoPy code can be found on github (https://github.com/ingo-m/PacMan/tree/master/stimuli/experiment). The respective repository also contains the analysis code and a brief description how to reproduce the analysis (https://github.com/ingo-m/PacMan). High-level visualisations (e.g. cortical depth profiles & signal timecourses) and group-level statistical tests are implemented in a separate repository (https://github.com/ingo-m/py_depthsampling/tree/PacMan).
-
Dataset: Feedback contribution to surface motion perception in the human early visual cortexZenodo, doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3366301.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (452-11-002)
- Kâmil Uludağ
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (406-14-085)
- Ingo Marquardt
- Kâmil Uludağ
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- Tobias H Donner, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
Ethics
Human subjects: Healthy participants gave informed consent before the experiment, and the study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of the Faculty for Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University. (reference number: ERCPN 180_03_06_2017 ).
Version history
- Received: August 8, 2019
- Accepted: June 3, 2020
- Accepted Manuscript published: June 4, 2020 (version 1)
- Accepted Manuscript updated: June 9, 2020 (version 2)
- Version of Record published: June 24, 2020 (version 3)
Copyright
© 2020, Marquardt et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
Metrics
-
- 1,368
- views
-
- 192
- downloads
-
- 7
- citations
Views, downloads and citations are aggregated across all versions of this paper published by eLife.
Download links
A two-part list of links to download the article, or parts of the article, in various formats.
Downloads (link to download the article as PDF)
Open citations (links to open the citations from this article in various online reference manager services)
Cite this article (links to download the citations from this article in formats compatible with various reference manager tools)
Feedback contribution to surface motion perception in the human early visual cortex
eLife 9:e50933.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.50933
Further reading
-
- Neuroscience
Establishing transepithelial ion disparities is crucial for sensory functions in animals. In insect sensory organs called sensilla, a transepithelial potential, known as the sensillum potential (SP), arises through active ion transport across accessory cells, sensitizing receptor neurons such as mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors. Because multiple receptor neurons are often co-housed in a sensillum and share SP, niche-prevalent overstimulation of single sensory neurons can compromise neighboring receptors by depleting SP. However, how such potential depletion is prevented to maintain sensory homeostasis remains unknown. Here, we find that the Ih-encoded hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel bolsters the activity of bitter-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (bGRNs), albeit acting in sweet-sensing GRNs (sGRNs). For this task, HCN maintains SP despite prolonged sGRN stimulation induced by the diet mimicking their sweet feeding niche, such as overripe fruit. We present evidence that Ih-dependent demarcation of sGRN excitability is implemented to throttle SP consumption, which may have facilitated adaptation to a sweetness-dominated environment. Thus, HCN expressed in sGRNs serves as a key component of a simple yet versatile peripheral coding that regulates bitterness for optimal food intake in two contrasting ways: sweet-resilient preservation of bitter aversion and the previously reported sweet-dependent suppression of bitter taste.
-
- Developmental Biology
- Neuroscience
Adolescence is characterized by changes in reward-related behaviors, social behaviors, and decision-making. These behavioral changes are necessary for the transition into adulthood, but they also increase vulnerability to the development of a range of psychiatric disorders. Major reorganization of the dopamine system during adolescence is thought to underlie, in part, the associated behavioral changes and increased vulnerability. Here, we utilized fast scan cyclic voltammetry and microdialysis to examine differences in dopamine release as well as mechanisms that underlie differential dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core of adolescent (P28-35) and adult (P70-90) male rats. We show baseline differences between adult and adolescent-stimulated dopamine release in male rats, as well as opposite effects of the α6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) on modulating dopamine release. The α6-selective blocker, α-conotoxin, increased dopamine release in early adolescent rats, but decreased dopamine release in rats beginning in middle adolescence and extending through adulthood. Strikingly, blockade of GABAA and GABAB receptors revealed that this α6-mediated increase in adolescent dopamine release requires NAc GABA signaling to occur. We confirm the role of α6 nAChRs and GABA in mediating this effect in vivo using microdialysis. Results herein suggest a multisynaptic mechanism potentially unique to the period of development that includes early adolescence, involving acetylcholine acting at α6-containing nAChRs to drive inhibitory GABA tone on dopamine release.
