Resegmentation is an ancestral feature of the gnathostome vertebral skeleton
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Marine Biological Laboratory, United States
Figures
Figure 1
Segmental organization of paraxial mesoderm and the vertebral skeleton in the skate.
(a) Somites of a S24 skate embryo showing (a') trunk (tr), cloacal (c), and tail (tl) somites, delineated with dashed lines. (b) A cleared and stained vertebral column from a skate hatchling, with …
Figure 2
Molecular basis of skate somite rostrocaudal polarity.
Whole-mount mRNA in situ hybridization reveals (a) rostral expression of Tbx18 and (b) caudal expression of Uncx4.1 within skate somites at S22. (c) Hybridization chain reaction (HCR) in situ …
Figure 3
Skates undergo tetrapod-like resegmentation.
(a) Adjacent CM-DiI- and SpDiOC18-labeled trunk somites in a S24 skate embryo. (b) Sagittal section of the trunk of an embryo 58 days post-injection, showing CM-DiI- and SpDiOC18-labeled cells in …
Figure 4
Skate tail vertebrae are duplicated and resegmented.
(a) Adjacent CM-DiI and SpDiOC18 injections in tail somites of a S24 little skate embryo. (b) Sagittal section of the tail of an embryo 117 days post-injection showing CM-DiI- and SpDiOC18-labeled …
Figure 5
The cloaca precedes the monospondylous to diplospondylous transition.
(a) CM-DiI labeling of a S24 skate somite (marked with white dashed line) just dorsal to the posterior margin of the cloaca (denoted with yellow dashed line). (b) Sagittal section of an embryo 71 …
Figure 6
Resegmentation is ancestral for jawed vertebrates.
(a) Schematic showing the distribution of strict resegmentation on a simplified vertebrate evolutionary tree, and the contribution of two adjacent somites to (b) trunk vertebrae; (c) vertebrae at …
Additional files
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Supplementary file 1
Table of counts of trunk and tail somites in S25 skate embryos.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51696/elife-51696-supp1-v2.csv
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Supplementary file 2
Table of counts of trunk and tail vertebrae in hatchling skates.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51696/elife-51696-supp2-v2.csv
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Transparent reporting form
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51696/elife-51696-transrepform-v2.docx
