A phenotypic screening platform utilising human spermatozoa identifies compounds with contraceptive activity

  1. Franz S Gruber
  2. Zoe C Johnston
  3. Christopher LR Barratt  Is a corresponding author
  4. Paul D Andrews
  1. University of Dundee, United Kingdom
  2. Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
3 figures, 2 videos, 1 table and 5 additional files

Figures

Figure 1 with 2 supplements
Phenotypic Assay workflows.

(A) Graphical summary of modular screening workflow where motility measurement is followed by acrosome reaction (AR) measurement allowing a screening throughput of >1400 compounds per donor pool (B) …

Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Further characterisation of phenotypic assays.

(A) Example data for a single sperm track with x and y coordinates being used to calculate standard sperm kinetics. Colour represents the cumulative distance travelled in microns. Acronyms: VCL …

Figure 1—figure supplement 2
Screening consistency over time analysis.

(A) Distribution of average path velocities (VAP) for sperm motility classes (IM = immotile; NPM = non progressively motile; PM = progressively motile), using data from two positions within each …

Figure 2 with 1 supplement
ReFRAME Library Screening: Motility Assay Results.

(A) Primary screening results of the motility assay. Each dot represents a well (either compound or control well) showing % of DMSO control (Curvilinear Velocity: VCL). Positive controls …

Figure 2—source code 1

R Code for Figure 2 primary motility assay.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-fig2-code1-v2.r
Figure 2—source code 2

R Code for Figure 2—source data 1 dose response confirmation motility assay.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-fig2-code2-v2.r
Figure 2—source data 1

Dose response and additional data for primary motility hits.

Compound names and nominal target/functional annotation shown on left along with chemical structure and physico-chemical properties. The 8-point dose response curves for each hit with estimated Hill slope, EC50 and Efficacy [% max reduction] are shown on the right. Two data points per concentration (n = 2); data points are Mean ± SD. A 4-parameter logistic fit has been performed using R package: dr4pl. Calculated EC50 values and Efficacy (% max effect) in the motility assay are shown in the right hand section. CC50 values for HEK293 and HepG2 CellTiter-Glo cytotoxicity assays performed by CALIBR (www.reframedb.org) are shown in the right hand section. Note: 0 = inactive in cytotoxicity assay. The chemical structure of the hit compound is shown as well as some annotation and physicochemical properties (for nomenclature description see Figure 2). See Figure 2—source data 2 along with Figure 2—source code 2.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-fig2-data1-v2.pdf
Figure 2—source data 2

Dose response confirmation data motility assay.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-fig2-data2-v2.csv
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Disulfiram Washout CASA measurement of percentage total motility in samples: prior to treatment (Squares); 20 mins after treatment with DMSO (triangles) or 10 μM disulfiram (circles); 60 min after washout of compound/DMSO.

Different donor pools analysed on three different days are represented by the three different colours. Data shown are four technical replicates per donor pool for DMSO/Disulfiram and two technical …

Figure 3 with 1 supplement
ReFRAME library screening: ar assay results.

(A) Results of primary screening of the library using the acrosome assay (live cells, acrosome reacting, Pi- PNA+ population). Each dot represents a well (either compound or control well). Shown is …

Figure 3—source code 1

R Code for Figure 2 primary acrosome assay.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-fig3-code1-v2.r
Figure 3—source code 2

R Code for Figure 3—source data 2 dose response confirmation acrosome assay.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-fig3-code2-v2.r
Figure 3—source data 1

Primary screening data acrosome assay.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-fig3-data1-v2.csv
Figure 3—source data 2

Dose response and additional data for primary AR hits.

Compound names and nominal target/functional annotation shown on left along with chemical structure and physico-chemical properties. The 8-point dose response curves for each hit with estimated Hill slope, EC50 and Efficacy [% max induction] values are shown on the right. Two data points per concentration (n = 2); data points are Mean ± SD. A 4-parameter logistic fit has been performed using R package: dr4pl. CC50 values for HEK293 and HepG2 CellTiter-Glo cytotoxicity assays performed by CALIBR (www.reframedb.org) are shown in the right hand section. Note: 0 = inactive in cytotoxicity assay. Physicochemical properties were calculated using RDKit, Python and KNIME: SlogP = partition coefficient (Wildman and Crippen, 1999); TPSA is the Topological Polar Surface Area (Ertl et al., 2000); MW is the exact Molecular weight; QED = Quantitative Estimate of Drug-likeness (Bickerton et al., 2012). See Figure 3—source data 3 along with Figure 3—source code 2 .

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-fig3-data2-v2.pdf
Figure 3—source data 3

Dose response confirmation data acrosome assay.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-fig3-data3-v2.csv
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Further analysis of AR screening data and triaging strategy.

Results are shown of primary screening data for two of the other populations in the flow cytometry assay: (A) Acrosome reaction positive and propidium iodide positive (PI+ PNA+) events and (B) …

Videos

Video 1
Movie was generated using a brightfield image sequence for a typical control well (left pane), a well where a compound reduced motility by 20% (middle pane) and one where it reduced it by 80% (right pane).
Video 2
Movie was generated using a brightfield image sequence for a typical control well (left pane), a well where a compound reduced motility by 20% (middle pane) and one where it reduced it by 80% (right pane).

Tracking is overlayed in each panel. Colour coding is detailed in Figure 2.

Tables

Key resources table
Reagent type
(species) or resource
DesignationSource or referenceIdentifiersAdditional
information
Biological sample (Homo sapien)Live spermatozoaDonated semen samplesLocal ethical approval (13/ES/0091)
AntibodyLectin PNA (Arachis hypogaea), Alexa Fluor 448 ConjugateThermoFisher ScientificThermoFisher:L21409;
RRID: AB_2315178
Stored as 1 mg/mL stock in DMSO; used at 1:1000 final dilution
Commercial assay or kitPropidium Iodide; Live/Dead Sperm Viability kit,ThermoFisher ScientificThermoFisher:L7011,Stored as 2.4 mM stock; used at a 1:2000 final dilution
Chemical compound, drugReFRAME (Repurposing, Focused Rescue, and Accelerated Medchem) libraryCALIBR at the Scripps Institute; Publication (Janes et al., 2018)www.reframedb.org
Chemical compound, drugPristimerinMerckMerck:530070Stored as 10 mM stock in DMSO; used at final concentration of 20 µM
Chemical compound, drugcalcium ionophore (A23187)Sigma-AldrichSigma-Aldrich:C7522Stored as 10 mM stock in DMSO, used at a final concentration of 10 µM)
Chemical compound, drugDisulfiramTocrisTocris:3807Stored as 10 mM stock in DMSO, used at 10 μM final concentration
Software, algorithmTrackpy v0.4.1Zenodo. (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1226458)Publication: (Crocker and Grier, 1996); Publication: (Allan, 2018)
Software, algorithmFFMPEGFFmpeg Developers (http://ffmpeg.org)RRID:SCR_016075
Software, algorithmBioconductor packagesBioconductor (https://bioconductor.org)RRID:SCR_006442flowCore, flowDensity, flowWorkspace, ggcyto
Software, algorithmHDF5HDF Group (www.hdfgroup.org)
Software, algorithmdr4plDr4pl (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dr4pl/index.html)
Software, algorithmCode used for data analysisThis paperThe R code used for data analysis is included in the supplement files accompanying this paper
Software,
algorithm
KNIMEBerthold et al., 2008https://www.knime.com
Software,
algorithm
RDKitRDKit, 2018https://www.rdkit.org

Additional files

Source data 1

Data of Supplementary file 1.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-data1-v2.csv
Source data 2

Data of Supplementary file 2.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-data2-v2.csv
Supplementary file 1

Compounds that had a significant effect on sperm motility.

Summary of dose response experiments of primary motility hits with estimated EC50 and Efficacy [% reduction] values. Information and names were provided by Calibr. See Source data 1.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-supp1-v2.docx
Supplementary file 2

Compounds that had a significant effect on Acrosome Reaction.

Summary of dose response experiments of primary acrosome hits with estimated EC50 and Efficacy [% increase] values. Information and names were provided by Calibr. Note that none of these compounds passed orthogonal counter screening and are considered as assay interfering compounds/false positives. See Source data 2.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-supp2-v2.docx
Transparent reporting form
https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/51739/elife-51739-transrepform-v2.docx

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