Stochastic bond dynamics facilitates alignment of malaria parasite at erythrocyte membrane upon invasion
Abstract
Malaria parasites invade healthy red blood cells (RBCs) during the blood stage of the disease. Even though parasites initially adhere to RBCs with a random orientation, they need to align their apex toward the membrane in order to start the invasion process. Using hydrodynamic simulations of a RBC and parasite, where both interact through discrete stochastic bonds, we show that parasite alignment is governed by the combination of RBC membrane deformability and dynamics of adhesion bonds. The stochastic nature of bond-based interactions facilitates a diffusive-like re-orientation of the parasite at the RBC membrane, while RBC deformation aids in the establishment of apex-membrane contact through partial parasite wrapping by the membrane. This bond-based model for parasite adhesion quantitatively captures alignment times measured experimentally and demonstrates that alignment times increase drastically with increasing rigidity of the RBC membrane. Our results suggest that the alignment process is mediated simply by passive parasite adhesion.
Data availability
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the manuscript and supporting files. Source data files have been provided for Figures 2-8, including all figure supplements. Figure 1 is a model schematic, which does not contain any data.
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Funding
The authors declare that there was no funding for this work.
Reviewing Editor
- Raymond E Goldstein, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Version history
- Received: February 29, 2020
- Accepted: May 17, 2020
- Accepted Manuscript published: May 18, 2020 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: June 3, 2020 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2020, Hillringhaus et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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