Islands referred to in the text are specifically labeled on the main map. The total number of Zosterops species is shown in brackets beside each labeled region on the inset. We adopted del Hoyo et …
All nodes are supported by a bootstrap value of 100 unless otherwise stated. Nodes with less than 68% bootstrap support were collapsed. The three main clades are color-coded blue (Australasian), red …
Bootstrap support value for each node is denoted by symbols: black circle = 100; dark gray square ≥90, light gray polygon ≥80, while nodes without symbols are weakly supported (<80). Clades: (A) …
The results of BioGeoBEARS are shown as pie charts colored in relative proportions of the most likely ancestral range. Nodes with 100% bootstrap support are indicated with * at the side. Scale at …
Nodes with a bootstrap value below 70 were collapsed. The scale at the bottom depicts the branch length of the ND2 tree. Samples from our study are marked with * at the end the sample name. Three …
(a) Placement of the Sundaic pair (Z. atricapilla and Z. auriventer) conflicts between MP-EST species tree and concatenated tree. (b) The top two demographic models in PHRAPL simulations show that …
The ABBA-BABA test was restricted to species combinations with conflicting tree topologies observed in this study (set 1), conflicting tree topologies between this study and Cai et al., 2019 (set …
Set | H1 | H2 | H3 | D-stat | Z | No. of ABBA | No. of BABA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | emiliae | melanurus | atricapilla | 0.129 | 3.807 | 192.84 | 148.63 |
emiliae | melanurus | auriventer | 0.163 | 5.168 | 190.17 | 136.97 | |
emiliae | citrinella | atricapilla | 0.110 | 3.086 | 178.55 | 143.09 | |
emiliae | citrinella | auriventer | 0.125 | 3.788 | 172.21 | 133.99 | |
2 | citrinella | melanurus | simplex | 0.093 | 3.074 | 142.55 | 118.22 |
3 | simplex | japonicus | erythropleurus | 0.215 | 5.272 | 171.87 | 111.15 |
4 | erythropleurus | simplex | auriventer | 0.108 | 3.169 | 166.20 | 133.74 |
5 | melanurus | emiliae | simplex | −0.053 | −1.456 | 152.33 | 169.34 |
melanurus | emiliae | japonicus | −0.066 | −1.729 | 149.05 | 170.02 | |
citrinella | emiliae | simplex | 0.027 | 0.706 | 154.77 | 146.74 | |
citrinella | emiliae | japonicus | −0.027 | −0.686 | 146.72 | 154.82 |
Details of all samples included in the study.
Abbreviations for museums: American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH); Australian National Wildlife Collection, Canberra (ANWC); Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Washington (Burke); Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Singapore (LKCNHM); Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, California (MVZ); Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (NMV); Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, West Java, Indonesia (MZB); Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands (Naturalis); South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAMA); Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (NRM); Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAM); Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Connecticut (Peabody). Whole genome resequenced samples are marked with an asterisk (*) at the end of the sample ID.
A list of species assignable to one of the three main Zosterops clades (Indo-African, Asiatic, Australasian), either on the basis of our study (shaded in gray) or based on previous studies with a bootstrap support of at least 90.
All species were assigned to their respective ranges of occurrence (see Figure 1): Afrotropical, West Indian Ocean (WIO), Asia, Philippines, Indonesian Archipelago (Indo), Melanesian Archipelago (Mel), Micronesian Archipelago (Mic), Australia and/or others.