Acid-base transporters and pH dynamics in human breast carcinomas predict proliferative activity, metastasis, and survival
- Aarhus University, Denmark
- Regionshospitalet Randers, Denmark
- University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
Abstract
Breast cancer heterogeneity in histology and molecular subtype influences metabolic and proliferative activity and hence the acid load on cancer cells. We hypothesized that acid-base transporters and intracellular pH (pHi) dynamics contribute inter-individual variability in breast cancer aggressiveness and prognosis. We show that Na+,HCO3--cotransport and Na+/H+-exchange dominate cellular net acid extrusion in human breast carcinomas. Na+/H+-exchange elevates pHi preferentially in estrogen receptor-negative breast carcinomas, whereas Na+,HCO3--cotransport raises pHi more in invasive lobular than ductal breast carcinomas and in higher malignancy grade breast cancer. HER2-positive breast carcinomas have elevated protein expression of Na+/H+-exchanger NHE1/SLC9A1 and Na+,HCO3--cotransporter NBCn1/SLC4A7. Increased dependency on Na+,HCO3--cotransport associates with severe breast cancer: enlarged CO2/HCO3--dependent rises in pHi predict accelerated cell proliferation; whereas enhanced CO2/HCO3--dependent net acid extrusion, elevated NBCn1 protein expression, and reduced NHE1 protein expression predict lymph node metastasis. Accordingly, we observe reduced survival for patients suffering from Luminal A or Basal-like/triple-negative breast cancer with high SLC4A7 and/or low SLC9A1 mRNA expression. We conclude that the molecular mechanisms of acid-base regulation depend on clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients. NBCn1 expression and dependency on Na+,HCO3--cotransport for pHi regulation, measured in biopsies of human primary breast carcinomas, independently predict proliferative activity, lymph node metastasis, and patient survival.
Data availability
- In order to comply with the ethical approval, we share the human data presented in Figure 1-8 and corresponding Figure Supplements (data on acid-base transport activity, intracellular pH, and protein expression of transporters linked to clinicopathological information) in de-identified form. Following consultation with the legal team at the Regional Committee on Health Research Ethics, we have generated dataset files where restricted information is grouped in intervals each consisting of no less than five individuals. To provide the reader with the best possible data insight, we also show Figure Supplements with more detailed and advanced plots of the data and include the corresponding de-identified dataset.- The meta analyses presented in Figure 9, 10, and corresponding figure supplements (data on RNA expression linked to patient survival) are based on data that have previously been published by other investigators (references 28-34), as detailed in the manuscript and the dataset list.
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A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancerBudczies J, Kosztyla D (2020). cancerdata: Development and validation of diagnostic tests from high-dimensional molecular data: Datasets. R package version 1.28.0.; data(Vijver).
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The molecular portraits of breast tumors are conserved across microarray platformsNCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE1992.
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Gene-expression profiles to predict distant metastasis of lymph-node-negative primary breast cancerNCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE2034.
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The humoral immune system has a key prognostic impact in node-negative breast cancerNCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE11121.
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Oncogenic pathway signatures in human cancers as a guide to targeted therapiesNCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE3143.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd (7025-00050B)
- Ebbe Boedtkjer
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF18OC0053037)
- Ebbe Boedtkjer
Danish Cancer Society (R136-A8670)
- Nicolai J Toft
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Ethics
Human subjects: All participants gave written informed consent. The Mid-Jutland regional division of the Danish Committee on Health Research Ethics (M-20100288) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (1-16-02-191-16) approved the procedures for tissue sampling and data handling, respectively.
Reviewing Editor
- Caigang Liu, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
Publication history
- Received: March 16, 2021
- Accepted: July 2, 2021
- Accepted Manuscript published: July 5, 2021 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: July 15, 2021 (version 2)
- Version of Record updated: February 11, 2022 (version 3)
Copyright
© 2021, Toft et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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Acid-base transporters and pH dynamics in human breast carcinomas predict proliferative activity, metastasis, and survival
eLife 10:e68447.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.68447
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