Data-driven methodology for discovery and response to pulmonary symptomology in hypertension through statistical learning and data mining: Application to COVID-19 related pharmacovigilance

  1. Xuan Xu
  2. Jessica Kawakami
  3. Nuwan Indika Millagaha Gedara
  4. Jim Riviere
  5. Emma Meyer
  6. Gerald J Wyckoff
  7. Majid Jaberi-Douraki  Is a corresponding author
  1. Kansas State University, United States
  2. University of Missouri-Kansas City, United States

Abstract

Background: Potential therapy and confounding factors including typical co‐administered medications, patient's disease states, disease prevalence, patient demographics, medical histories, and reasons for prescribing a drug often are incomplete, conflicting, missing, or uncharacterized in spontaneous adverse drug event (ADE) reporting systems. These missing or incomplete features can affect and limit the application of quantitative methods in pharmacovigilance for meta-analyses of data during randomized clinical trials.

Methods: Data from patients with hypertension were retrieved and integrated from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. 134 antihypertensive drugs out of 1151 drugs were filtered and then evaluated using the Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM) of the posterior distribution to build ADE-drug profiles with an emphasis on the pulmonary ADEs (pADE). Afterward, the Graphical Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (GLASSO) captured drug associations based on pADEs by correcting hidden factors and confounder misclassification. Selected drugs were then compared using the Friedman test in drug classes and clusters obtained from GLASSO.

Results: Following multiple filtering stages to exclude insignificant and noise-driven reports, we found that drugs from antihypertensives agents, urologicals, and antithrombotic agents (macitentan, bosentan, epoprostenol, selexipag, sildenafil, tadalafil, and beraprost) form a similar class with a significantly higher incidence of pADEs. Macitentan and bosentan were associates with 64% and 56% of pADEs, respectively. Because these two medications are prescribed in diseases affecting pulmonary function and may be likely to emerge among the highest reported pADEs, in fact, they serve to validate the methods utilized here. Conversely, doxazosin and rilmenidine were found to have the least pADEs in selected drugs from hypertension patients. Nifedipine and candesartan were also found by signal detection methods to form a drug cluster, shown by several studies an effective combination of these drugs on lowering blood pressure and appeared an improved side effect profile in comparison with single-agent monotherapy.

Conclusions: We consider pADE profiles in multiple long-standing groups of therapeutics including antihypertensive agents, antithrombotic agents, beta-blocking agents, calcium channel blockers, or agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system, in patients with hypertension associated with high-risk for COVID-19. We found that several individual drugs have significant differences between their drug classes and compared to other drug classes. For instance, macitentan and bosentan from endothelin receptor antagonists show major concern while doxazosin and rilmenidine exhibited the least pADEs compared to the outcomes of other drugs. Using techniques in this study, we assessed and confirmed the hypothesis that drugs from the same drug class could have very different pADE profiles affecting outcomes in acute respiratory illness.

Funding: GJW and MJD accepted funding from BioNexus KC for funding on this project, but BioNexus KC had no direct role in this article.

Data availability

The source code and data used to produce results and analyses presented in this manuscript areavailable at:https://1data.life/pages/publication/data_driven_methodology_COVID19_related_pharmacovigilance/

The following previously published data sets were used

Article and author information

Author details

  1. Xuan Xu

    Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, Olathe, United States
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
  2. Jessica Kawakami

    School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, United States
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-7141-5698
  3. Nuwan Indika Millagaha Gedara

    Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, Olathe, United States
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
  4. Jim Riviere

    Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, Olathe, United States
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
  5. Emma Meyer

    Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, United States
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
  6. Gerald J Wyckoff

    Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, United States
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
  7. Majid Jaberi-Douraki

    Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, Olathe, United States
    For correspondence
    jaberi@k-state.edu
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-8505-6550

Funding

BioNexus KC (20-7)

  • Gerald J Wyckoff
  • Majid Jaberi-Douraki

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

Copyright

© 2021, Xu et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

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  1. Xuan Xu
  2. Jessica Kawakami
  3. Nuwan Indika Millagaha Gedara
  4. Jim Riviere
  5. Emma Meyer
  6. Gerald J Wyckoff
  7. Majid Jaberi-Douraki
(2021)
Data-driven methodology for discovery and response to pulmonary symptomology in hypertension through statistical learning and data mining: Application to COVID-19 related pharmacovigilance
eLife 10:e70734.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70734

Share this article

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70734

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