Reprogramming and redifferentiation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells reveal tumor inhibitory activity

  1. Chie Sugimoto
  2. Yukie Murakami
  3. Eisuke Ishii
  4. Hiroyoshi Fujita
  5. Hiroshi Wakao  Is a corresponding author
  1. Host Defense Division, Research Center for Advanced Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
  2. Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
4 figures, 2 tables and 1 additional file

Figures

Figure 1 with 1 supplement
Characterization of m-reMAIT cells.

(A) Flow cytometric profiles of m-reMAIT cells. mMR1-tet staining and expression of T-cell receptor β (TCRβ), CD4, CD8, CD25, and CD44 and the transcription factors PLZF and RORγt in m-reMAIT cells on differentiation day 18. (B) 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU) dose-dependent activation of m-reMAIT cells. The percentages of CD69+ cells among m-reMAIT cells challenged with the indicated concentration of 5-OP-RU in the presence of WT3 (◯), WT3/mMR1 (●), CH27 (□), and CH27/mMR1(■). (C) MR1-dependent activation of m-reMAIT cells. The percentage of CD69+ cells among m-reMAIT cells cultured with CH27/mMR1, challenged as in (B) in the presence of the anti-MR1 antibody (■) or the isotype control antibody (◯). (D) 5-OP-RU dose-dependent activation. The percentage of m-reMAIT cells expressing CD69 upon a challenge with various concentrations of 5-OP-RU. Representative data from two independent experiments are shown. (E) mMR1-tet dose-dependent activation. The percentage of m-reMAIT cells expressing CD69 upon a challenge with the indicated amounts of mMR1-tet. Representative data from two independent experiments are shown. (F) 5-OP-RU- and mMR1-tet-induced cytokines and chemokines. m-reMAIT cells were stimulated with various concentrations of 5-OP-RU (◯) or mMR1-tet (■) and the resultant cytokines and chemokines were quantified with LegendPlex. The concentrations at which each reagent induced a similar degree of activation (% CD69) are shown as relative concentrations (0.1–100 nM for 5-OP-RU and 0.01–10 μg/ml for mMR1-tet). The number on the X-axis corresponds to that in (D) and (E). (G) Tyrosine phosphorylation elicited with 5-OP-RU. A Western blot analysis with PY99 (anti-phosphotyrosine). Upon a challenge with different concentrations of 5-OP-RU for 30 min, the cell lysate from m-reMAIT cells was separated on SDS-PAGE (5 × 105/lane), and subjected to Western blotting. Lane 1, 0; lane 2, 0.1; lane 3, 1.0; lane 4, 10; lane 5, 100; lane 6, 1000; and lane 7, 10,000 (nM). Phosphorylated proteins are indicated with arrows. (H) Time course of tyrosine phosphorylation. A Western blot analysis with PY99. The cell lysate from m-reMAIT cells challenged with 100 nM of 5-OP-RU for the indicated time was separated on SDS-PAGE (5 × 105/lane) and subjected to Western blotting. Lane 1, 0; lane 2, 15; lane 3, 30; lane 4, 60; lane 5, 150; lane 6, 300 (min) . Arrows indicate phosphorylated proteins. (I) Linker for the activation of T cells (LAT) as a phosphorylated 37-kD protein. A Western blot analysis with PY99, anti-LAT, and anti-β-actin. The cell lysate prepared as described in (H) for 60 min was subjected to Western blotting. A blot with PY99 (upper panel), anti-LAT (middle panel), and anti-β-actin (lower panel). Phosphorylated LAT and LAT as well as β-actin are indicated (arrow). Lane 1, 0; lane 2, 0.1; lane 3, 1.0; lane 4, 10; lane 5, 100; lane 6, 1000; lane 7, 10,000 (nM). (J) Tyrosine phosphorylation induced by mMR1-tet. A Western blot analysis with PY99. The cell lysate from m-reMAIT cells challenged with the indicated amounts of unlabeled mMR1-tet for 60 min was subjected to Western blotting (5 × 105/lane). Lane 1, 0; lane 2, 0.43; lane 3, 1.3; lane 4, 4.3; lane 5, 13 (μg/ml). Arrows indicate phosphorylated proteins. MAIT: mucosal-associated invariant T cell.

Figure 1—source data 1

Characterization of m-reMAIT cells.

The type of antigen-presenting cell (APC), reMAIT cells, and the concentration of 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU) (nM) used for activation assays. Activation is shown as the percentage of CD69+ cells among reMAIT cells (B). The percentage of CD69+ MAIT cells challenged with 5-OP-RU in the presence of isotype control or anti-MR1 antibody (in the presence of CH27m as APC) (C). The percentage of CD69+ MAIT cells challenged with 5-OP-RU or mMR1-tet (D, E). Production of the cytokines and chemokines from m-reMAIT cells challenged with 5-OP-RU or mMR1-tet (F). MAIT: mucosal-associated invariant T cell.

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Figure 1—source data 2

Original gel electrophoresis panels for Figure 1G–J.

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Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and of m-reMAIT cells.

(A) Genomic configuration of TCRα loci in MAIT-iPSCs. TCRα loci in C57BL/6 (upper panel) and MAIT-iPSCs (middle panel). The primer set to detect rearranged Trav1-Traj33 (Vα19-Jα33) is shown with arrows (lower panel). (B) MAIT-iPSC detection by PCR. The results of PCR using the primer set shown in (A). Bands corresponding to rearranged Trav1-Traj33 are indicated by arrowheads. MAIT-iPSCs (L1–L21) before the limiting dilution, the positive control, and negative control (ES cells) are shown. M: molecular weight marker. (C) Southern blot probe detecting the rearranged TCRα locus. The genomic configuration of the TCRα locus before (upper panel) and after (lower panel) the Trav1-Traj33 rearrangement. The positions of the Southern blot probe as well as BamHI sites are shown together with the primer sequences for probe synthesis. (D) Southern blot analysis of MAIT-iPSCs. The bands corresponding to the germline configuration (~8.5 kb) and those after the rearrangement (~6.5 kb) are shown by arrowheads. In the analysis, genomic DNA from MAIT-iPSCs after limiting dilutions was used. Mouse ES cells (cntrl). M: DNA size marker; L7 clones; L7-1−L7-6; L11 clones; L11-1−L11-4; L15 clones; L15-1−L15-3; and L19 clones; L19-1−L19-6. (E) Chimeric mice generated from MAIT-iPSCs. Chimeric mice from MAIT-iPSCs (L7) are shown. Chimerism ranged between 10% and 90%. (F) Expansion of MAIT-iPSCs during differentiation. Cell numbers at the indicated differentiation stage of L7-1 from iPSCs are plotted. Blast: lymphocyte progenitor cells; reMAIT: m-reMAIT cells defined as TCRβ+mMR1-tet+. Data are shown as medians. Horizontal line: median; whiskers: minimum and maximum. (G) m-reMAIT cell doubling time during the logarithmic phase of expansion. The fluorescent intensity of CFSE-labeled m-reMAIT cells (L7-1) vs. the culture time is plotted to estimate the doubling time. (H) Flow cytometric profiles of m-reMAIT cells from different MAIT-iPSCs. mMR1-tet staining and the expression of TCRβ, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD69, and CD44 in m-reMAIT cells (from L3-1, L7-1, L11-1, L15-1, and L19-1 MAIT-iPSCs) on differentiation day 23. (I) 5-OP-RU dose-dependent activation of m-reMAIT cells. The percentage of CD69+ cells among m-reMAIT cells (from L3-1, L11-1, L15-1, and L19-1 MAIT-iPSCs) challenged with the indicated concentration of 5-OP-RU in the presence of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as WT3, WT3/mMR1, CH27, and CH27/mMR1, is shown. (J) 5-OP-RU dose-dependent production of cytokines and chemokines. The indicated cytokines and chemokines in the culture supernatant from m-reMAIT cells (L7-1) cultured in the presence of CH27 (□) or CH27/mMR1 (●), and challenged with varying concentrations of 5-OP-RU are quantified with LegendPlex. Data are representative of two independent experiments.

Figure 1—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and of m-reMAIT cells.

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Figure 1—figure supplement 1—source data 2

Gel electrophoresis for PCR products and Southern blot analysis to detect Trav1-Traj33 rearrangement.

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Figure 2 with 5 supplements
Behavior of m-reMAIT cells upon adoptive transfer.

(A) m-reMAIT cell migration into different organs. m-reMAIT cells (Ly5.2) were adoptively transferred into C57BL/6 (Ly5.1) mice via an intraperitoneal injection (1 × 107 cells/mouse), and endogenous as well as exogenous TCRβ+mMR1-tet+ cells were enriched 7 days later with mMR1-tet (left panel) and subjected to analyses of the expression of Ly5.1 and Ly5.2 (right panel). The number in the panel shows the percentage of Ly5.1 (endogenous) and Ly5.2 (exogenous) TCRβ+mMR1-tet+ cells. Representative data from a pool of 3–4 mice per experiment are shown. (B) Time-dependent upregulation of CD44. CD44 expression in TCRβ+mMR1-tet+ cells from the indicated tissues 7 and 14 days after m-reMAIT cell adoptive transfer. Isotype control (dotted line), endogenous mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells (Ly5.1+TCRβ+mMR1-tet+ cells) (plain blue line), and exogenous m-reMAIT cells (Ly5.2+TCRβ+mMR1-tet+ cells) (shaded in red). Representative data from a pool of 3–4 mice per experiment are shown. (C) Expression of molecules relevant to MAIT cells. The expression of molecules in m-reMAIT cells from the indicated tissues 14 days after adoptive transfer. Isotype control (dotted line), endogenous MAIT cells (Ly5.1+TCRβ+mMR1-tet+ cells) (plain blue line), and exogenous m-reMAIT cells (Ly5.2+TCRβ+mMR1-tet+ cells) (shaded in red). Representative data from a pool of 3–4 mice per experiment are shown. (D) Frequency of m-reMAIT cells. The frequency of m-reMAIT cells (m-reMAITs) among mMR1-tet+TCRβ+ cells harvested on days 7 and 14 from the indicated organs is shown. Representative data from two experiments are indicated.

Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Principal component analysis (PCA).

PCA on the whole transcripts in naïve m-reMAIT cells (closed circle), in m-reMAIT cells from the spleen (green square), liver (green triangle), and LPL (green cross) upon adoptive transfer, and in endogenous mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells from the spleen (red square), liver (red triangle), and LPL (red cross).

Figure 2—figure supplement 2
Representative transcripts relevant to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell identity and function.

Heatmap showing the transcriptional evolution of genes relevant to MAIT cell identity and function in naïve m-reMAIT cells, m-reMAIT cells upon adoptive transfer and endogenous MAIT cells from the indicated organs. The numbers show the relative expression after scaling, and those in the brackets indicate expression level as defined log (FPKM).

Figure 2—figure supplement 2—source data 1

Expression of the genes relevant to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell identity and function.

The numbers in the left columns show the expression level of the gene as defined log (FPKM), and those in the right columns indicate the scaled expression level. p-Value was calculated with TTC. The ratio between groups exhibiting the most different expression level among the three cell types is shown.

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Figure 2—figure supplement 3
Transcripts relevant to tissue repairing.

Same as Figure 2—figure supplement 2 except that the transcripts relevant to tissue repairing are shown.

Figure 2—figure supplement 3—source data 1

Expression of the genes relevant to tissue repairing.

The numbers in the left columns show the expression level of the gene as defined log (FPKM), and those in the right columns indicate the scaled expression level. p-Value was calculated with TTC. The ratio between groups exhibiting the most different expression level among the three cell types is shown.

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Figure 2—figure supplement 4
Transcripts relevant to tissue residency.

Same as Figure 2—figure supplement 2 except that the transcripts relevant to tissue residency are shown.

Figure 2—figure supplement 4—source data 1

Expression of the genes relevant to tissue residency.

The numbers in the left columns show the expression level of the gene as defined log (FPKM), and those in the right columns indicate the scaled expression level. p-Value was calculated with TTC. The ratio between groups exhibiting the most different expression level among the three cell types is shown.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/70848/elife-70848-fig2-figsupp4-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 2—figure supplement 5
Transcripts relevant to V-D-J recombination.

Same as Figure 2—figure supplement 2 except that the transcripts relevant to V-D-J recombination are shown.

Figure 2—figure supplement 5—source data 1

Expression of the genes relevant to V-D-J recombination.

The numbers in the left columns show the expression level of the gene as defined log (FPKM), and those in the right columns indicate the scaled expression level. p-Value was calculated with TTC. The ratio between groups exhibiting the most different expression level among the three cell types is shown.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/70848/elife-70848-fig2-figsupp5-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Tumor inhibitory activity of m-reMAIT cells.

(A) Time course of 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU)-dependent MR1 expression. The indicated cancer cell lines were challenged with 5-OP-RU. MR1 expression levels on the cell surface at the indicated time point are shown as relative geometric mean fluorescent intensity (gMFI). Data are representative of three independent experiments. (B) m-reMAIT cell dose-dependent survival extension. C57BL/6 mice received the indicated amounts of m-reMAIT cells 6 days prior to the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) inoculation (3 × 105 cells/mouse i.v.), and survival was monitored (n = 10–12/group). Data are representative of three independent experiments. p-Values between the indicated group are shown (the log-rank test). (C) Effects of the multiple transfers of m-reMAIT cells on survival. The survival of C57BL/6 mice that received m-reMAIT cells (1 × 106 /mouse, i.p.) 6 days prior to the LLC inoculation (3 × 105 cells/mouse, i.v.), and of mice that received LLC and two more consecutive transfers of m-reMAIT cells (1 × 106/transfer/mouse) was monitored (n = 10–12/group). Sham-treated mice that only received LLC served as a control. Data are representative of two independent experiments. p-Values between the indicated groups are shown (the log-rank test). (D) Effects of m-reMAIT cells on in situ tumor growth. Growth curve of LLC. LLC (3 × 105 /mouse) was subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of C57BL/6 mice 6 days after the m-reMAIT cell transfer (i.p.). Tumor size was plotted with time. Sham treated (●), 0.3 × 106 transferred (■), 1.0 × 106 transferred (▲), and 3.0 × 106 m-reMAIT cells transferred (▼). Data are shown as SEM (5–6 mice per group).

Figure 3—source data 1

Time-dependent MR1 expression in various cancer cell lines upon 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU) challenge.

(A), m-reMAIT cell dose-dependent mouse survival (B). Effects of the multiple transfers of m-reMAIT cells on mouse survival (C). Effects of m-reMAIT cell dose on in situ tumor growth (D).

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Figure 3—figure supplement 1
m-reMAIT cells in the skin.

The number of m-reMAIT cells from the indicated tissues upon adoptive transfer in the recipient is shown. Tissue samples were prepared at the indicated time point with or without subcutaneous Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) injection (n = 3–4). MAIT: mucosal-associated invariant T cell.

Figure 3—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Delayed emergence of m-reMAIT cells in the skin upon adoptive transfer.

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Antitumor activity of m-reMAIT cells bolstered by NK cells.

(A) Activation of m-reMAIT cells by NK cells. CD69 expression in m-reMAIT cells (reMAIT ●) and NK cells (NK ◯) upon incubation at the indicated ratio. The percentage of cells expressing CD69 (left panel) and the intensity of CD69 in each cell population (right panel) are shown. (B) Cytokines and chemokines upon a coculture. Cytokines and chemokines released upon a coculture of m-reMAIT cells and NK cells at the indicated ratio are shown (reMAIT:NK). Amounts were quantified with LegendPlex. Representative data from two independent experiments are shown. (C) Transcripts relevant to cytolytic activity in m-reMAIT cells. Ifng, Gzma, Gzmb, Tbf, Gzmk, Pfr1, Fasl, Tnfsf10, Il6, Il17a, Il22, Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl5, and Ccl22 in m-reMAIT cells cultured with NK cells were quantified with qRT-PCR. m-reMAIT cells and NK cells were sort-purified after the coculture (purity >98%) or cultured individually. The expression of each transcript was normalized with Gapdh, and fold changes in the relative expression of the transcript in m-reMAIT cells cultured with NK cells relative to that in m-reMAIT cells cultured alone are shown. Data are representative of three independent experiments. (D) Transcripts relevant to cytolytic activity in NK cells. Fold changes in the relative expression of the indicated transcript as described in (C) in NK cells cultured with m-reMAIT cells relative to that in NK cells alone are shown. Representative data from three independent experiments are shown. (E) Activation and degranulation of NK cells and m-reMAIT cells. The expression of CD69, an activation marker, and CD107a, a marker for the exocytosis of cytolytic granules, was assessed under various culture conditions. The percentages of CD69+ cells and CD69+CD107a+ cells among NK cells alone (control), NK cells cocultured with m-reMAIT cells (+reMAIT), NK cells cultured with Yac-1 (+Yac-1), and NK cells cocultured with m-reMAIT cells and Yac-1 (+reMAIT/Yac-1) (upper panels). The percentages of CD69+ cells and CD69+CD107a+ cells among m-reMAIT cells alone (control), m-reMAIT cells cocultured with NK cells (+NK), m-reMAIT cells cocultured with Yac-1 (+Yac-1), and m-reMAIT cells cocultured with NK cells and Yac-1 (+NK/Yac-1) (lower panels). Data are representative of three independent experiments. (F) Cytolytic activity against Yac-1. Cytolytic activity of m-reMAIT cells (reMAIT ◯), NK cells (NK □), and NK cells plus m-reMAIT cells (NK+reMAIT ●). Cytolytic activities (% lysis) at different effector (NK cells, m-reMAIT cells, and NK cell+m-reMAIT cells)/Target (Yac-1) (E/T) ratios are shown. Representative data from three experiments are shown. The significance of differences between the groups at the indicated E/T ratio assessed with a two-way ANOVA is shown (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005). From the top, NK+reMAIT vs. reMAIT, NK+reMAIT vs. NK, and reMAIT vs. NK. Data are representative of three independent experiments. (G) Cytolytic activity against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). The cytolytic activities of m-reMAIT cells (◯), NK cells (□), and m-reMAIT cells plus NK cells (●) against LLC at the indicated E/T ratio are shown as % lysis. The significance of differences between the groups is calculated as in (E). Data are representative of three independent experiments. (H) NK cell-dependent extension of survival. C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups, one that received 1 × 106 m-reMAIT cells (reMAIT) and another that was left untreated (n). Each group was further divided into two subgroups, one that received consecutive injections of anti-Asialo GM1 (AsG) (–1 and 16 days, 50 μg/mouse) after the LLC inoculation (3 × 105 i.v.) and another that was left untreated (n). Survival was monitored thereafter. Representative data from two independent experiments are shown (n = 10–14/group). p-Values between the indicated groups are shown (the log-rank test).

Figure 4—source data 1

Antitumor activity of m-reMAIT cells bolstered by NK cells.

Activation of m-reMAIT cells by NK cells (A). Cytokines and chemokines produced upon a coculture (B). Transcripts relevant to cytolytic activity in m-reMAIT cells (C). Transcripts relevant to cytolytic activity in NK cells (D). Activation and degranulation of NK cells and m-reMAIT cells (E). Cytolytic activity against Yac-1 (F). Cytolytic activity against LLC (G). NK cell-dependent extension of survival (H).

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Tables

Table 1
T-cell receptor β (TCRβ) repertoires of the mouse mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
iPS clonesCongenic strainDV-D-J junctionCDR3
V region endV-D junctionD regionD-J junctionJ region startNucleotide sequenceTranslation
L3-1Ly5.2TRBV13-3*01TRBD1*01TRBJ2-3*01TGATGCTAGGGACAGGGGTGCAGCCAGCAGTGATGCTAGGGACAGGGGTGCAGAAACGCTGTATASSDARDRGAETLY
L7-1TRBV13-3*01TRBD1*01TRBJ1-2*01AGTGACAGGGAAAACTGCCAGCAGTGACAGGGAAAACTCCGACTACACCASSDRENSDYT
L11-1TRBV19*01, *03TRBD2*01TRBJ2-3*01GCAGTGGGACTGGGGGGTAGTGCGCCAGCAGTGGACTGGGGGGTAGTGCAGAAACGCTGTATASSGLGGSAETLY
L15-1TRBV13-3*01TRBD1*01TRBJ1-6*01AGCAGCAGACAGGGCTATAGCCAGCAGCAGACAGGGCTATAATTCGCCCCTCTACASSRQGYNSPLY
L19-1TRBV19*01, *03TRBD2*01TRBJ2-3*01GCAGTGGGACTGGGGGGTAGTGCGCCAGCAGTGGACTGGGGGGTAGTGCAGAAACGCTGTATASSGLGGSAETLY
Appendix 1—key resources table
Reagent type (species) or resourceDesignationSource or referenceIdentifiersAdditional information
Strain, strain background (Mus musculus)C57BL/6NJclClea Japan
Strain, strain background (M. musculus)C57BL/6-Ly5.1Riken Bioresource CenterRRID:IMSR_RBRC00144
Strain, strain background (Sendai virus)Sendai virus KOSM302LDr. Mahito Nakanishi (TOKIWA-Bio Inc)
Cell line (M. musculus)L3-1, L7-1 to -8, L11-1 to -4, L15-1 to -3, L19-1 to -6This studyMurine MAIT cell-derived iPSCs
Cell line (M. musculus)Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF)Oriental YeastCat# KBL9284600
Cell line (M. musculus)OP9 -DLL1 cellDr. Hiroshi Kawamoto (Kyoto University)
Cell line (M. musculus)B16F10 cellDr. Tsukasa Seya (Hokkaido University)RRID:CVCL_0159
Cell line (M. musculus)Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)Riken Bioresource CenterCat# RCB0558; RRID:CVCL_4358
Cell line (M. musculus)EL4Riken Bioresource CenterCat# RCB1641; RRID:CVCL_0255
Cell line (M. musculus)RL-♂1 (Gloria)Riken Bioresource CenterCat# RCB2784; RRID:CVCL_C832
Cell line (M. musculus)Yac-1Riken Bioresource CenterCat# RCB1165; RRID:CVCL_2244
Cell line (M. musculus)CH27Dr. X. Wang (Washington University, MO)
Cell line (M. musculus)CH27/mMR1Dr. X. Wang (Washington University, MO)
Cell line (M. musculus)WT3Dr. X. Wang (Washington University, MO)
Cell line (M. musculus)WT3/mMR1Dr. X. Wang (Washington University, MO)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD4 (RM4-4), PerCP/Cy5.5 (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 116012; RRID:AB_2563023Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD8α (53–6.7), APC/Cy7 (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 100714; RRID:AB_312753Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD25 (PC61), APC (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 102012; RRID:AB_312861Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD25 (PC61), BV421 (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 102043; RRID:AB_2562611Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD25 (PC61), BV711 (rat monoclonal)BD BiosciencesCat# 740652; RRID:AB_2740341Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD25 (PC61), PE (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 102007; RRID:AB_312856Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse/human CD44 (IM7), FITC (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 103006; RRID:AB_312957Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD45.1 (Ly5.1) (A20), BV605 (mouse monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 110738; RRID:AB_2562565Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD45.2 (Ly5.2) (104), PE (mouse monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 109807; RRID:AB_313444Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse/human CD45R/B220 (RA3-6B2), BV421 (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 103239; RRID:AB_10933424Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse/human CD45R/B220 (RA3-6B2), PE (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 103207; RRID:AB_312992Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD49b (DX5), PE (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 108907; RRID:AB_313414Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD69 (H1.2F3), APC/Cy7 (Armenian hamster monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 104525; RRID:AB_10683447Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD69 (H1.2F3), PE (Armenian hamster monoclonal)BD BiosciencesCat# 553237; RRID:AB_394726Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD69 (H1.2F3), PE/Cy7 (Armenian hamster monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 104511; RRID:AB_493565Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD107a (1D4B), BV421 (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 121618; RRID:AB_2749905Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD127 (IL-7Rα) (A7R34), PerCP/Cy5.5 (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 135021; RRID:AB_1937274Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD186 (CXCR6) (SAO51D1), PE (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 151103; RRID:AB_2566545Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD218a (IL-18Rα) (P3TUNYA), eFluor450 (rat monoclonal)Thermo Fisher ScientificCat# 48-5183-80; RRID:AB_2574068Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse CD218a (IL-18Rα) (REA947), PE (mouse monoclonal)Miltenyi BiotechCat# 130-115-704; RRID:AB_2727158Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse F4/80 (BΜ8), BV421 (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 123131; RRID:AB_10901171Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse F4/80 (BΜ8), PE (rat monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 123109; RRID:AB_893498Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-human/mouse/rat MR1 (26.5), APC (mouse monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 361107; RRID:AB_2563193Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse NK1.1 (PK136), BV510 (mouse monoclonal)BD BiosciencesCat# 563096; RRID:AB_2738002Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse NK1.1 (PK136), FITC (mouse monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 108706; RRID:AB_313393Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse PLZF (9E12), PE (Armenian hamster monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 145803; RRID:AB_2561966Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse RORγt (Q31-378), BV421 (mouse monoclonal)BD BiosciencesCat# 562894; RRID:AB_2687545Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse TCR Vβ6 (RR4-7), PE (mouse monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 140003; RRID:AB_10640727Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse TCR Vβ8.1, 8.2 (MR5-2), PE (mouse monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 140103; RRID:AB_10641144Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse TCRβ (H57-597), BV605 (Armenian hamster monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 109241; RRID:AB_2629563Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse TCRβ (H57-597), PE/Cy7 (Armenian hamster monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 109222; RRID:AB_893625Flow cytometry (1:100 in 50 µl reaction)
AntibodyAnti-human/mouse/rat MR1 (26.5), purified (mouse monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 361110; RRID:AB_2801000Blocking assay (10 µg/ml)
AntibodyMouse IgG2a, k isotype control (MOPC-173), purified (mouse monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 400264; RRID:AB_11148947Blocking assay (10 µg/ml)
AntibodyAnti-human/mouse/rat β-actin (2F1-1), purified (mouse monoclonal)BioLegendCat# 643802; RRID:AB_2223199Western blotting (1:2000 in 5 ml reaction)
AntibodyAnti-human/mouse LAT (11B.12), purified (mouse monoclonal)Santa CruzCat# sc-53550; RRID:AB_784283Western blotting (1:1000 in 5 ml reaction)
AntibodyAnti-phosphotyrosine (PY99), purified (mouse monoclonal)Santa CruzCat# sc-7020; RRID:AB_628123Western blotting (1:1000 in 5 ml reaction)
AntibodyAnti-mouse/rat Asialo GM1 (rabbit polyclonal)FUJIFILM WakoCat# 014-09801In vivo NK depletion (50 µg/mouse)
Sequence-based reagentADV19This studyPCR primer (detection of rearranged TCRVα19-Jα33)5′-TCAACTGCACAT
ACAGCACCTC-3′
Sequence-based reagentAJ33This studyPCR primer (detection of rearranged TCRVα19-Jα33)5′-CATGCATTATTCA
GCCAGTGCCTTCT-3′
Sequence-based reagentTRAV19-FThis studyPCR primer (Southern blot probe synthesis)5′-CCTGGACCACATG
GAAGCATGGC-3′
Sequence-based reagentTRAV19-RThis studyPCR primer (Southern blot probe synthesis)5′-CCCAGAGCC
CCAGATCAAC-3′
Sequence-based reagentTRBV13This studyPCR primer (identification of TCRβ repertoire)5′-GTACTGGTAT
CGGCAGGAC-3′
Sequence-based reagentTRBV19This studyPCR primer (identification of TCRβ repertoire)5′-GGTACCGAC
AGGATTCAG-3′
Sequence-based reagentTRBC-RevThis studyPCR primer (identification of TCRβ repertoire)5′-GGGTAGCCT
TTTGTTTGTTTG-3′
Sequence-based reagentGapdh-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-CATCACTGCCAC
CCAGAAGACTG-3′
Sequence-based reagentGapdh-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-ATGCCAGTGAGC
TTCCCGTTCAG-3′
Sequence-based reagentTnf-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-CCACCACGC
TCTTCTGTCTAC-3′
Sequence-based reagentTnf-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-AGGGTCTGG
GCCATAGAACT-3′
Sequence-based reagentIfng-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-AAAGAGATAAT
CTGGCTCTGC-3′
Sequence-based reagentIfng-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-GCTCTGAGAC
AATGAACGCT-3′
Sequence-based reagentGrza-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-GGTGGAAAG
GACTCCTGCAA-3′
Sequence-based reagentGrza-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-GCCTCGCAA
AATACCATCACA-3′
Sequence-based reagentGrzb-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-ACTCTTGACG
CTGGGACCTA-3′
Sequence-based reagentGrzb-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5'-AGTGGGGCT
TGACTTCATGT-3′
Sequence-based reagentGrzk-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-AAGCTTCGCACT
GCTGCAGAACT-3′
Sequence-based reagentGrzk-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-TAACAGATCTGG
CTTGGTGGTTCC-3′
Sequence-based reagentPrf1-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5'-CTCTCGAAGTG
TTGGATACAG-3′
Sequence-based reagentPrf1-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5'-GACACAAACGTG
ATTCAAATCC-3'
Sequence-based reagentFasl-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-GAAGGAACTGGC
AGAACTCCGT-3′
Sequence-based reagentFasl-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-GCCACACTCCT
CGGCTCTTTTT-3′
Sequence-based reagentTnfsf10-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-GGAAGACCTCAG
AAAGTGGCAG-3′
Sequence-based reagentTnfsf10-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-TTTCCGAGAG
GACTCCCAGGAT-3′
Sequence-based reagentIl6-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-TACCACTTCACA
AGTCGGAGGC-3′
Sequence-based reagentIl6-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-CTGCAAGTGCAT
CATCGTTGTTC-3′
Sequence-based reagentIl17a-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-CAGACTACCTC
AACCGTTCCAC-3′
Sequence-based reagentIl17a-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-TCCAGCTTTCC
CTCCGCATTGA-3′
Sequence-based reagentIl22-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-GCTTGAGGTGT
CCAACTTCCAG-3′
Sequence-based reagentIl22-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-ACTCCTCGGAA
CAGTTTCTCCC-3′
Sequence-based reagentCcl5-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-CCTGCTGCTTT
GCCTACCTCTC-3′
Sequence-based reagentCcl5-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-ACACACTTGGC
GGTTCCTTCGA-3′
Sequence-based reagentCcl3-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-ACTGCCTGCTGC
TTCTCCTACA-3′
Sequence-based reagentCcl3-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-ATGACACCTGGC
TGGGAGCAAA-3′
Sequence-based reagentCcl4-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-ACCCTCCCACT
TCCTGCTGTTT-3′
Sequence-based reagentCcl4-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-CTGTCTGCCTC
TTTTGGTCAGG-3′
Sequence-based reagentCcl22-FThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-GTGGAAGACAG
TATCTGCTGCC-3′
Sequence-based reagentCcl22-RThis studyPCR primer (semi-quantitative PCR)5′-AGGCTTGCGGC
AGGATTTTGAG-3′
Peptide, recombinant proteinMouse MR1 5-OP-RU tetramer, APC-labeledNIH Tetramer Core FacilityFlow cytometry (1:1,000 in 50 µl reaction)
Peptide, recombinant proteinMouse MR1 5-OP-RU tetramer, BV421-labeledNIH Tetramer Core FacilityFlow cytometry (1:1,000 in 50 µl reaction)
Peptide, recombinant proteinMouse MR1 5-OP-RU tetramer, unlabeledNIH Tetramer Core FacilityMAIT cell stimulation (1:100 to 1:100,000 in 100 µl reaction)
Peptide, recombinant proteinMouse MR1 6-FP tetramer, APC-labeledNIH Tetramer Core FacilityFlow cytometry (1:1,000 in 50 µl reaction)
Peptide, recombinant proteinMouse MR1 6-FP tetramer, BV421-labeledNIH Tetramer Core FacilityFlow cytometry (1:1,000 in 50 µl reaction)
Peptide, recombinant proteinMouse MR1 6-FP tetramer, unlabeledNIH Tetramer Core FacilityMAIT cell stimulation (1:100 to 1:100,000 in 100 µl reaction)
Commercial assay or kitLEGENDPlex mouse Th cytokine panelBioLegendCat# 740741
Commercial assay or kitLEGENDPlex mouse cytokine panel 2BioLegendCat# 740134
Commercial assay or kitLEGENDPlex mouse proinflammatory chemokine panelBioLegendCat# 740451
Commercial assay or kitMojoSort mouse NK cell isolation kitBioLegendCat# 480050
Commercial assay or kitVybrant CFDA SE cell tracer kitThermo Fisher ScientificCat# V12883
Commercial assay or kitZombie Violet Flexible Viability kitBioLegendCat# 423113
Chemical compound, drug5-Amino-4-D-ribitylaminouracil DihydrochlorideToronto Research ChemicalsCat# A629245
Software, algorithmFlowJo software v9 and v10BD BiosciencesRRID:SCR_008520
Software, algorithmPrism 9 for macOSGraphPad SoftwareRRID:SCR_002798

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  1. Chie Sugimoto
  2. Yukie Murakami
  3. Eisuke Ishii
  4. Hiroyoshi Fujita
  5. Hiroshi Wakao
(2022)
Reprogramming and redifferentiation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells reveal tumor inhibitory activity
eLife 11:e70848.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70848