Flexible and efficient simulation-based inference for models of decision-making
- University of Tübingen, Germany
Abstract
Inferring parameters of computational models that capture experimental data is a central task in cognitive neuroscience. Bayesian statistical inference methods usually require the ability to evaluate the likelihood of the model—however, for many models of interest in cognitive neuroscience, the associated likelihoods cannot be computed efficiently. Simulation-based inference (SBI) offers a solution to this problem by only requiring access to simulations produced by the model. Previously, Fengler et al. introduced Likelihood Approximation Networks (LAN, Fengler et al., 2021) which make it possible to apply SBI to models of decision-making, but require billions of simulations for training. Here, we provide a new SBI method that is substantially more simulation-efficient. Our approach, Mixed Neural Likelihood Estimation (MNLE), trains neural density estimators on model simulations to emulate the simulator, and is designed to capture both the continuous (e.g., reaction times) and discrete (choices) data of decision-making models. The likelihoods of the emulator can then be used to perform Bayesian parameter inference on experimental data using standard approximate inference methods like Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. We demonstrate MNLE on two variants of the drift-diffusion model (DDM) and show that it is substantially more efficient than LANs: MNLE achieves similar likelihood accuracy with six orders of magnitude fewer training simulations, and is significantly more accurate than LANs when both are trained with the same budget. This enables researchers to perform SBI on custom-tailored models of decision-making, leading to fast iteration of model design for scientific discovery.
Data availability
We implemented MNLE as part of the open source package for SBI, sbi, available at https://github. com/mackelab/sbi. Code for reproducing the results presented here, and tutorials on how to apply MNLE to other simulators using sbi can be found at https://github.com/mackelab/mnle-for-ddms.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 1233)
- Jan-Matthis Lueckmann
- Jakob H Macke
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SPP 2041)
- Jan Boelts
- Jakob H Macke
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany's Excellence Strategy MLCoE)
- Jan Boelts
- Jan-Matthis Lueckmann
- Richard Gao
- Jakob H Macke
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (ADIMEM,FKZ 01IS18052 A-D)
- Jan-Matthis Lueckmann
- Jakob H Macke
HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (101030918)
- Richard Gao
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Tübingen AI Center,FKZ 01IS18039A)
- Jan Boelts
- Jakob H Macke
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Copyright
© 2022, Boelts et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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Flexible and efficient simulation-based inference for models of decision-making
eLife 11:e77220.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.77220
