(a) Image of a dry dandelion infructescence, (b) image of a wet dandelion infructescence, (c) schematic of a dandelion diaspore indicating features, and (d) image of dry dandelion pappus (scale bar: …
(a) The angle of individual hairs of dandelion pappi. Angle is calculated relative to horizontal in which the dandelion diaspore beak (see Figure 1c) forms the vertical axis, n = 10 pappi, n = 932 …
(a) Falling speed at varying pappus angles, before and after wetting for 1 hr in moisture chamber, asterisks indicate statistically significant difference at p<0.0001, n = 20; (b) relationship …
(a) Falling velocity reduces as projected area reduces. Projected area calculated using measured pappus angles and assuming hair lengths of 7.41 mm and diameters of 16 μm according to Cummins et …
(a) Snapshots of detachment dynamics at 8 m s–1 wind speed for a dry capitulum, air flow direction is from right to left of the images; (b) snapshots of detachment at 8 m s–1 wind speed for a wet …
(a) Schematic illustrating experimental setup for detachment assays; (b) survival plot of percentage of fruits attached to capitula at varying wind speeds for 1.7% turbulent intensity flow in dry …
(a) Relationship between relative humidity and wind speed in Edinburgh, UK. (b) Model descriptions indicating whether dry (relative humidity < 90%), or wet (relative humidity ≥ 90%) weather …
(a) Manchester, (b) Nottingham, (c) Norwich, and (d) Exeter.
(a) Full dispersal kernel with distance plotted on a log10 scale. (b) Dispersal kernel portion from 0 to 10 m dispersal distance, dashed vertical lines indicate medians for the entire dispersal …