Pronounced cerebellar activation during unexpected omission of a potentially harmful event suggests that the cerebellum has to be added to the neural network processing prediction errors underlying emotional associative learning.

Deconditioning is a safe and efficient new approach to updating traumatic memories, in which fear memory is rewritten to a very low level in a long-lasting way.

Locus coeruleus responses to salient environmental stimuli drive increases in hippocampal dopamine that are important for long-term memory formation during trace fear conditioning.

A whole brain analysis using human neuroimaging data shows neural correlates of individual differences in conditioned fear.

Female, but not male rats exhibit an active conditioned fear response, which challenges traditional approaches to measuring fear learning exclusively through freezing, and suggests that females use a more diverse set of threat strategies.

Exclusion of participants in tasks with a learning element can introduce substantial bias and needs to be carefully considered and transparently reported and justified.

Reliability and predictability analyses beyond standard measures provide empirically based guidance regarding the design of fear conditioning tasks to assess individual differences and group-level inferences cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Behavioral analyses and an optogenetic approach reveal an existence of GR-mediated metaplasticity in the LA and its link with adaptive fear response to auditory cues in a stressful condition.

When conducting fear conditioning in mice, cue-elicited activity bursts are primarily a result of nonassociative processes, and freezing behavior remains the best index for associative learning.

Activation of the same glutamate receptor in the lateral amygdala gives rise to distinct effects on specific versus indiscriminate fear by modulating intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity.