The sox1a gene is required for a small group on neurons on the left side of the brain to influence the generation and left-sided character of their future synaptic partners.

Local elimination of acetylcholine synthesis in habenular neurons demonstrates a key role for vesicular synergy and neurotransmitter co-release in nicotine dependence.

An asymmetric olfactory projection innervates a small subset of identified neurons in the right habenula, which are activated by a repulsive odorant and mediate prolonged aversive behavior, providing further evidence for lateralization of the zebrafish brain.

Glutamatergic signaling from the lateral hypothalamus instructs lateral habenular neurons for encoding aversive external stimuli to subsequently guide escape behaviours.

Increased theta/alpha band activities within the habenula area and the prefrontal cortex, as well as the increased synchrony between the two structures in the same frequency band can serve as an indicator for negative emotions in humans.

Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals distinct neuronal subtypes of the lateral habenula differentially target downstream neuronal subtypes in the ventral tegmental area and dorsal raphe nucleus.

Electrical stimulation at the lateral habenula causes an instantaneous remission of depressive symptoms in two rat models, with more medial stimulation sites exhibiting greater antidepressant effects than more lateral stimulation sites, as revealed by functional MRI studies.

The direct interaction of R-type Ca²⁺ channel Cav2.3 and GABA_B receptor auxiliary subunits in the active zone of medial habenula terminals scales synaptic strength independent of GABA_B receptor activation.

Experience strengthens hunting in larval zebrafish by recruiting the forebrain to increase the prey-evoked activity in visual areas and trigger motor activity and prey capture.

Lateral habenula neurons participate in motivated behavior via their activation by negative affective stimuli, a major source of which arises from the rostral entopeduncular nucleus.