The length-dependent growth rate of bacterial flagellar filament is determined by the flagellin loading speed, loading strength and its diffusion process.
Giardia, a multi-ciliated parasitic protist, maintains four different flagellar lengths by balancing flagellar length-independent IFT-mediated assembly with length-dependent kinesin-13 mediated disassembly.
A hub in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex receives unusually high and functionally diverse inputs, providing a biological interface between motivation, incentive based learning, and decision making.
Solute movement in brain extracellular space is determined by solute diffusion, and does not depend on convection or aquaporin-4 expression as predicted by the glymphatic mechanism.
Experimental and modelling analyses suggest a non-linear scaling relationship between IFT velocity and ciliary length that can be accounted for by limitation of the motors.
Aditya Raghunandan, Antonio Ladron-de-Guevara ... Douglas H Kelley
A new tracer infusion method is used to confirm that pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid transport into the brain occurs naturally and is driven by the cardiac cycle, not by tracer injection.
In the microbe Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a disassembly rate which depends on flagellar length provides an effective method to regulate the length of its two flagella.
Humberto Mestre, Lauren M Hablitz ... Maiken Nedergaard
An international collaboration between five independent research groups replicates findings confirming the importance of aquaporin-4 in glymphatic solute transport using five different mouse knockout lines.
Antonio Cerdán Cerdá, Nicola Toschi ... Silvia De Santis
MRI is sensitive to the increase in axonal caliber due to pathology and was used to detect widespread increase in the average axonal caliber in multiple sclerosis brains with short disease duration only.
