Dopamine and GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area encode short-term memory in the T-maze task, which cannot be explained by reward-related processes, motivated behavior, or motor-related activities.

Single nuclei RNA sequencing unmasks 16 variants of midbrain dopamine neurons within a continuum of their gene expression landscape and resolves their differential vulnerability.

Regulation of Cav2.3 Ca²⁺ channels by membrane-bound β2 subunit splice variants permits long-lasting channel activity even during prolonged and continuous activity in dopamine neurons, with implications for Parkinson's disease pathophysiology.

APEX2 proximity labeling of genetically targeted neurons enables subcellular and cell type-specific proteomics in the mouse brain, revealing the axonal and somatodendritic proteomes of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.

The subcortical visual pathway through the midbrain superior colliculus is responsible for visually evoked Pavlovian conditioning and dopamine neuron responses with predicted value in monkeys, which remained after lesioning V1.

The opposing dopamine receptors Dop1R1 and Dop2R are both enriched around the pre- and postsynaptic sites of different types of neurons, including dopaminergic neurons, in the fly brain.

Chronic inhibition of mTORC1 signaling strongly affects the morphology, physiology and output of dopamine neurons leading to impaired dopaminergic function in mice.

Dopamine neurons signal value prediction errors (VPEs) integrating information about both reward and aversion, in low reward contexts, whereas VPEs in some dopamine neurons are distorted in high reward contexts.

When learning the reward probability of novel cues, dopamine neurons convey dissociable value and novelty signals.

In vivo dopamine neuron imaging-based neuroprotective small molecule screen in larval zebrafish and mechanistic investigation using conditional CRISPR knockout and cell-type-specific RNA-seq analysis, coupled with cross-species analyses including human clinical data interrogation, uncover potential disease-modifying therapeutics for Parkinson's disease (PD).