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Medial prefrontal cortex activity is not required for learning or execution of adaptive avoidance behavior, despite encoding select task features.

Regulatory immune cells accumulate at the nose-to-brain interface during neuroinflammation, potentially dampening damaging immune responses.

Working memory alternates between remembered items in a rhythmic theta cycle.

The spatial organization of chromatophore-muscle innervation by motoneurons enables the generation of chromatophore-shaped noise, virtual or composite chromatophores, and shape elements such as lines or small blobs.

Analysis of data across many different studies shows that children's word recognition improves continuously from infancy through age 5 years, and shows strong coupling with early vocabulary.

The brain uses separate prediction error and prediction uncertainty signals to trigger event boundaries.