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Excitatory signaling impairment contributes to neurological deficits shared by Rett syndrome and a number of postnatal neuropsychiatric disorders.

The structural morphology of astrocyte processes is constrained by functional boundaries in the mouse, rat and human cortex.

Birds that see ultraviolet light tune the sensitivity of their short-wavelength photoreceptors with colored filters to maximize the number of colors they can see.

Place cells in the rat hippocampus encode positions along well-learned routes as opposed to intended destinations.

Light can be used to trigger the contraction of facial muscles and movement of the whiskers in transgenic mice, aiding the study of active sensation.

The presynaptic active zone protein ELKS provides synapse-specific control of the pool of readily releasable vesicles and release probability.

Odor conditioning induces two changes in olfactory neurons: non-associative sensory adaptation to odor history, and associative, bidirectional changes in behavioral output that are oppositely regulated in aversive and appetitive learning.

Excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons drive parallel vasodilatory pathways, while vasoconstriction is mediated exclusively by inhibition acting via Neuropeptide Y binding to Y1 receptors.

Enhanced glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons may contribute to repeatedly stressed rats becoming more vulnerable to addiction.

The RNA-binding protein NOVA2 coordinately regulates the alternative splicing of key components in axon guidance and outgrowth pathways, with severe functional consequences.