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Conditional transgenic miR-9 sponge mice exhibit developmental defects in dendrite growth due to up-regulation of the transcriptional repressor REST.

Drep-2 is the first representative of the evolutionary conserved CIDE-N protein family found at synapses and is required for associative learning by functionally intersecting with metabotropic signaling.

Contrary to a long-standing hypothesis, the neuronal death that leads to muscle wastage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis does not result from overactivity of those neurons during development.

A striking dissociation exists in the medial prefrontal cortex, with different brain regions responding to value when commitments are deferred to the future and when prospects are judged to be undesirable.

Overexpression of the growth factor neurotrophin-3 helps to repair noise-induced damage in the mouse inner ear by promoting the regeneration of damaged synapses.

Manipulating the activity of ‘stretch-sensitive’ ion channels in neurons innervating the digestive system of fruit flies has dramatic effects on food intake, suggesting that these ion channels could be targets for drugs to help tackle obesity.

The Drosophila equivalent of the human transcription factor Sp8 acts to ensure that neural progenitor cells undergo an appropriate number of cell divisions, thereby helping to regulate brain development and guard against tumor formation.

The dual role of Drosophila Mitofusin in steroid hormone production and cholesterol ester storage, which is evolutionary conserved by the combined expression of the two mammalian Mitofusins, ensures proper synaptic development.

Yeast specific lipids promote the transport of lipid transfer protein (LTP) across the blood brain barrier to the neurons that regulate systemic insulin signaling.

Transient increases in calcium release in prefrontal cortex neurons, observable only in awake animals, may form the basis of associative learning.