Pharmacological dimerization and activation of the exchange factor eIF2B antagonizes the integrated stress response
- University of California, San Francisco, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institution, University of California, San Francisco, United States
- University of California, Davis, United States
Abstract
The general translation initiation factor eIF2 is a major translational control point. Multiple signaling pathways in the integrated stress response phosphorylate eIF2 serine-51, inhibiting nucleotide exchange by eIF2B. ISRIB, a potent drug-like small molecule, renders cells insensitive to eIF2α phosphorylation and enhances cognitive function in rodents by blocking long-term depression. ISRIB was identified in a phenotypic cell-based screen, and its mechanism of action remained unknown. We now report that ISRIB is an activator of eIF2B. Our reporter-based shRNA screen revealed an eIF2B requirement for ISRIB activity. Our results define ISRIB as a symmetric molecule, show ISRIB-mediated stabilization of activated eIF2B dimers, and suggest that eIF2B4 (δ-subunit) contributes to the ISRIB binding site. We also developed new ISRIB analogs, improving its EC50 to 600 pM in cell culture. By modulating eIF2B function, ISRIB promises to be an invaluable tool in proof-of-principle studies aiming to ameliorate cognitive defects resulting from neurodegenerative diseases.
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Funding
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)
- Carmela Sidrauski
- Jordan C Tsai
- Martin Kampmann
- Aaron S Mendez
- Jonathan S Weissman
- Peter Walter
The funder had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Copyright
© 2015, Sidrauski et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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Pharmacological dimerization and activation of the exchange factor eIF2B antagonizes the integrated stress response
eLife 4:e07314.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07314
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