Tissue-resident macrophages promote extracellular matrix homeostasis in the mammary gland stroma of nulliparous mice

Acceptance summary:

Macrophages are immune cells that not only respond to infection but also play important roles in development and maintenance of tissues. While these cells have been implicated in the development of the mammary gland as well as in mammary involution after pregnancy, this paper reports the function of a population of macrophages in the homeostatic maintenance of the virgin mammary gland.

Decision letter after peer review:

Thank you for submitting your article "Resident macrophages promote homeostasis of hyaluronan-associated extracellular matrix in the mammary gland stroma" for consideration by eLife. Your article has been reviewed by two peer reviewers, and the evaluation has been overseen by a Reviewing Editor and Satyajit Rath as the Senior Editor. The following individual involved in review of your submission has agreed to reveal their identity: F.M. Davis (Reviewer #2).

The reviewers have discussed the reviews with one another and the Reviewing Editor has drafted this decision to help you prepare a revised submission.

We would like to draw your attention to changes in our revision policy that we have made in response to COVID-19 (https://elifesciences.org/articles/57162). Specifically, when editors judge that a submitted work as a whole belongs in eLife but that some conclusions require a modest amount of additional new data, as they do with your paper, we are asking that the manuscript be revised to either limit claims to those supported by data in hand, or to explicitly state that the relevant conclusions require additional supporting data.

Summary:

This study by Wang, Chaffee and colleagues characterizes a population of tissue-resident macrophages enriched in the stroma of the mammary gland. The authors show that LYVE-1+ cells (~35% of macrophages in the non-pregnant mouse gland) are abundant in the mammary adipose and capsule, with little presence in/around epithelial structures. They confirm these findings in non-pregnant, normal human gland. The authors also employ a series of gene expression, single cell sequencing and immunostaining approaches to further characterize this population. In aiming to define their function, the study shows that pharmacologically-mediated macrophage depletion alters the mammary ECM. Overall this is an important area of research. The experiments are well-conducted and described and include appropriate controls. However, the conclusions should more carefully reflect the findings. Specifically, in the absence of selective ablation of LYVE-1+ cells or LYVE-1 expression, it cannot be concluded at this point that this macrophage population serves to maintain HA and collagen levels.

Revisions:

In the absence of selective depletion of LYVE-1+ macrophages and genetic ablation of LYVE-1 in these cells, it cannot be concluded that LYVE-1 expression on the LYVE-1+ macrophage population in the mammary gland serves to maintain HA and collagen levels. If the authors have data to support this conclusion, it would be important to include such data in the revision of this manuscript. In absence of this type of data, the authors should revise the claimed mechanism and indicate in the Discussion that future studies, including approaches described above, are needed to unambiguously conclude on the requirement of LYVE-1 for the maintenance of HA and collagen levels.

Another important concern relates to the quantification of ECM components. Can the authors include an additional assay beyond immunostaining intensity?