1. Medicine

Meta-Research: COVID-19 medical papers have fewer women first authors than expected

  1. Jens Peter Andersen
  2. Mathias Wullum Nielsen
  3. Nicole L Simone
  4. Resa E Lewiss
  5. Reshma Jagsi  Is a corresponding author
  1. Aarhus University, Denmark
  2. University of Copenhagen, Denmark
  3. Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, United States
  4. Thomas Jefferson University, United States
  5. University of Michigan, United States
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.58807
Share this article
Cite this article
  1. Jens Peter Andersen
  2. Mathias Wullum Nielsen
  3. Nicole L Simone
  4. Resa E Lewiss
  5. Reshma Jagsi
(2020)
Meta-Research: COVID-19 medical papers have fewer women first authors than expected
eLife 9:e58807.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.58807
  2. Download BibTeX
  3. Download .RIS

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in school closures and distancing requirements that have disrupted both work and family life for many. Concerns exist that these disruptions caused by the pandemic may not have influenced men and women researchers equally. Many medical journals have published papers on the pandemic, which were generated by researchers facing the challenges of these disruptions. Here we report the results of an analysis that compared the gender distribution of authors on 1,893 medical papers related to the pandemic with that on papers published in the same journals in 2019, for papers with first authors and last authors from the United States. Using mixed-effects regression models, we estimated that the proportion of COVID-19 papers with a woman first author was 19% lower than that for papers published in the same journals in 2019, while our comparisons for last authors and overall proportion of women authors per paper were inconclusive. A closer examination suggested that women’s representation as first authors of COVID-19 research was particularly low for papers published in March and April 2020. Our findings are consistent with the idea that the research productivity of women, especially early-career women, has been affected more than the research productivity of men.

Data availability

The final dataset for the main analysis is available on OSF: https://osf.io/cpv2m/

The following data sets were generated

Article and author information

Author details

  1. Jens Peter Andersen

    Danish Centre for Studies on Research and Research Policy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0003-2444-6210

  2. Mathias Wullum Nielsen

    Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.

  3. Nicole L Simone

    Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-7662-7470

  4. Resa E Lewiss

    Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
    Competing interests
    Resa E Lewiss, Founder of TIME'S UP Healthcare, a non-profit initiative that advocates for safety and equity in healthcare; advisor for FeminEM.org, a website that supports the careers of women in medicine..
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-9512-4342

  5. Reshma Jagsi

    Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
    For correspondence
    rjagsi@med.umich.edu
    Competing interests
    Reshma Jagsi, Has stock options as compensation for her advisory board role in Equity Quotient, a company that evaluates culture in health care companies; has received personal fees from Amgen and Vizient and grants for unrelated work from the National Institutes of Health, the Doris Duke Foundation, the Greenwall Foundation, the Komen Foundation, and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan for the Michigan Radiation Oncology Quality Consortium; has a contract to conduct an investigator-initiated study with Genentech; has served as an expert witness for Sherinian and Hasso and Dressman Benzinger LaVelle; uncompensated founding member of TIME'S UP Healthcare ; member of the Board of Directors of ASCO..
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0001-6562-1228

Funding

The authors declare that there was no funding for this work.

Copyright

© 2020, Andersen et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

Metrics

  • 9,897
    views
  • 814
    downloads
  • 307
    citations

Views, downloads and citations are aggregated across all versions of this paper published by eLife.

Download links

A two-part list of links to download the article, or parts of the article, in various formats.

Downloads (link to download the article as PDF)

Open citations (links to open the citations from this article in various online reference manager services)

Cite this article (links to download the citations from this article in formats compatible with various reference manager tools)

  1. Jens Peter Andersen
  2. Mathias Wullum Nielsen
  3. Nicole L Simone
  4. Resa E Lewiss
  5. Reshma Jagsi
(2020)
Meta-Research: COVID-19 medical papers have fewer women first authors than expected
eLife 9:e58807.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.58807

Categories and tags

Research organism

    1. Part of Collection
    Image of raised hands to represent diversity

    Equity, Diversity and Inclusion

    Edited by Julia Deathridge
  2. Further reading

Further reading

  1. Equity, Diversity and Inclusion

    Edited by Julia Deathridge
    Collection

    The research community needs to do more to support scientists from underrepresented groups.

  2. Meta-Research: A Collection of Articles

    Edited by Peter A Rodgers
    Collection

    The study of science itself is a growing field of research.

    1. Cell Biology
    2. Medicine

    Disruption of the novel nested gene Aff3ir mediates disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis in mice

    Shuo He, Lei Huang ... Jinlong He
    Research Article

    Disturbed shear stress-induced endothelial atherogenic responses are pivotal in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, contributing to the uneven distribution of atherosclerotic lesions. This study investigates the role of Aff3ir-ORF2, a novel nested gene variant, in disturbed flow-induced endothelial cell activation and atherosclerosis. We demonstrate that disturbed shear stress significantly reduces Aff3ir-ORF2 expression in athero-prone regions. Using three distinct mouse models with manipulated Aff3ir-ORF2 expression, we demonstrate that Aff3ir-ORF2 exerts potent anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects in Apoe-/- mice. RNA sequencing revealed that interferon regulatory factor 5 (Irf5), a key regulator of inflammatory processes, mediates inflammatory responses associated with Aff3ir-ORF2 deficiency. Aff3ir-ORF2 interacts with Irf5, promoting its retention in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting the Irf5-dependent inflammatory pathways. Notably, Irf5 knockdown in Aff3ir-ORF2 deficient mice almost completely rescues the aggravated atherosclerotic phenotype. Moreover, endothelial-specific Aff3ir-ORF2 supplementation using the CRISPR/Cas9 system significantly ameliorated endothelial activation and atherosclerosis. These findings elucidate a novel role for Aff3ir-ORF2 in mitigating endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis by acting as an inhibitor of Irf5, highlighting its potential as a valuable therapeutic approach for treating atherosclerosis.