Generation of vascularized brain organoids to study neurovascular interactions

  1. Xin-Yao Sun
  2. Xiang-Chun Ju  Is a corresponding author
  3. Yang Li
  4. Peng-Ming Zeng
  5. Jian Wu
  6. Ying-Ying Zhou
  7. Li-Bing Shen
  8. Jian Dong
  9. Yue-Jun Chen
  10. Zhen-Ge Luo  Is a corresponding author
  1. School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China
  2. Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Peer review process

This article was accepted for publication as part of eLife's original publishing model.

History

  1. Version of Record published
  2. Accepted Manuscript published
  3. Accepted
  4. Preprint posted
  5. Received

Decision letter

  1. Joseph G Gleeson
    Reviewing Editor; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, United States
  2. Jeannie Chin
    Senior Editor; Baylor College of Medicine, United States

Our editorial process produces two outputs: i) public reviews designed to be posted alongside the preprint for the benefit of readers; ii) feedback on the manuscript for the authors, including requests for revisions, shown below. We also include an acceptance summary that explains what the editors found interesting or important about the work.

Decision letter after peer review:

Thank you for submitting your article "Generation of Vascularized Brain Organoids to Study Neurovascular Interactions" for consideration by eLife. Your article has been reviewed by 2 peer reviewers, and the evaluation has been overseen by a Reviewing Editor and Jeannie Chin as the Senior Editor. The reviewers have opted to remain anonymous.

The reviewers have discussed their reviews with one another, and the Reviewing Editor has drafted this to help you prepare a revised submission.

Essential revisions

1) Why is there a decrease in GFP+, CD31+ cell percentage in later stages of VOrs (D40) compared to earlier stages in flow cytometry analysis in Figure 1 – Figure Supp. 1C? This may indicate that most of cells in VOrs were still early mesodermal cells or undifferentiated. Otherwise, endothelial induction efficiency should be enhanced.

2) SATB2 staining in Figure 4 – Figure Supp. 1E seems to label neural progenitors in VZ-like region. SATB2 is expressed in mature neurons but not in the progenitors. Please confirm the reliability of this staining.

3) Related to figure 5F, the authors described that large amount of IBA1+GFP+ MG-like cells were found in fVBOrs. However, large amount of IBA1+GFP- cells were also observed in fvBOrs. Thus MG-like cells might be activated upon vascularization. The authors should address this possibility.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.76707.sa1

Author response

Essential revisions

1) Why is there a decrease in GFP+, CD31+ cell percentage in later stages of VOrs (D40) compared to earlier stages in flow cytometry analysis in Figure 1 – Figure Supp. 1C? This may indicate that most of cells in VOrs were still early mesodermal cells or undifferentiated. Otherwise, endothelial induction efficiency should be enhanced.

The seemingly decrease in CD31+GFP+ cell percentage is most likely due to the appearance of other cell types in later culture stages (D40), such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, et al. In line with this prediction, single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis showed that in D40 VOrs, fibroblasts occupied around half of all cell types and endothelial cells only accounted for 10% (Figure 2A and Figure 2-supplement 1B). The percentage of endothelial cells indicated by scRNA-seq and flow cytometry was similar. The low percentage of MKI67+ proliferative vascular progenitor and appearance of various cell types indicate efficient differentiation induction.

2) SATB2 staining in Figure 4 – Figure Supp. 1E seems to label neural progenitors in VZ-like region. SATB2 is expressed in mature neurons but not in the progenitors. Please confirm the reliability of this staining.

Sorry for the confusion. The SATB2 signal in VZ-like region was seen in rare cases, and this might be due to the presence of cell types in intermediate states. To avoid the confusion, we have replaced it with a more representative image (see revised Figure 4-supplyment 1E).

3) Related to figure 5F, the authors described that large amount of IBA1+GFP+ MG-like cells were found in fVBOrs. However, large amount of IBA1+GFP- cells were also observed in fvBOrs. Thus MG-like cells might be activated upon vascularization. The authors should address this possibility.

Thanks to the Reviewer for this interesting point. Based on the brain RNA-seq database of various cell types in mouse and human (Zhang Y, Chen K, et al., J Neurosci 2014, 34, 11929-47), VEGFR1 (encoded by FLT1 gene) is highly expressed in human microglia. It is very possible that the residue microglia in BOrs can sense the signals, such as VEGF, from the invading vessels to be motivated and activated. This point has been mentioned in the revised manuscript (lines 310-314).

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.76707.sa2

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  1. Xin-Yao Sun
  2. Xiang-Chun Ju
  3. Yang Li
  4. Peng-Ming Zeng
  5. Jian Wu
  6. Ying-Ying Zhou
  7. Li-Bing Shen
  8. Jian Dong
  9. Yue-Jun Chen
  10. Zhen-Ge Luo
(2022)
Generation of vascularized brain organoids to study neurovascular interactions
eLife 11:e76707.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.76707

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https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.76707