Cell-specific architectural properties such as the axon diameter of the white matter of the human brain can be quantified accurately and non-invasively using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.

Neurotrophin deprivation leads to rapid caspase-independent disassembly of the actin-spectrin-based membrane skeleton and spectrin-dependent retrograde signaling in axon degeneration.

Combining cerebral organoid technology with cryo-correlative microscopy reveals the organization of cytoskeleton, membrane compartments, and protein synthesis machinery contributing to the rapid expansion of developing human axons.

Induction of the fission of mitochondria-populating sensory axons is shown to be a novel biological action of neurotrophins.

A continuously expressed LIM HD factor, Lmx1b, acts at successive stages to orchestrate the progressive morphological maturation of a long-range profusely arborized neuromodulatory axonal projection pathway.

The kinase AKT acts as a nodal point that coordinates both positive and negative cues to regulate the regeneration of central nervous system axons in adult mice.

Organoids are useful in studying guidance cues for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon generation and regeneration, and the method of RGC isolation via CNTN2 facilitates investigating RGC-related retinal diseases such as glaucoma.

Severing axons in C. elegans reveals a mechanism by which the axons sense acute damage and respond by sequential remodeling of their microtubule cytoskeleton.

Alternative splicing of the Dcc gene, which is controlled by the NOVA RNA-binding proteins, is crucial during neuronal migration and axon guidance.

The AKT-GSK3β-eIF2Bε signaling module plays a key role in promoting axon regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system.