A large-scale, sibling-based analysis of the Icelandic population spanning two centuries demonstrates an increase in maternal mortality rates after child loss on both sides of a major demographic transition.

A mathematical model based on enzyme kinetics shows how the relationships between life expectancy, survival rates for children and adults, and national income change over time.

Clinical prediction rules could help identify children at risk of slowed growth after an episode of diarrheal illness, and these rules may be generalizable to all children, regardless of diarrhea status.

Measles immunization campaigns in India accelerated declines in child measles mortality rates and averted 41,000-56,000 child measles deaths during 2010 to 2013.

Urinary metabolic signatures relate to adherence to the Mediterranean diet and ultra-processed food intake in childhood and reflect associations of these diet quality indicators with metabolic health.

Children with a parent of cancer have a higher rate of hospital contact for injury, especially immediately after the cancer diagnosis.

Among European children, shorter telomere length and older DNA methylation age relative to chronological age were associated with poorer behaviors, while older age, as predicted by a novel immunometabolic clock relative to chronological age, was associated with greater cognitive maturity.

In a rural, low-income setting in Bangladesh, early-life telomere length was associated with concurrent growth.

It is unclear how much a child's BMI at age 8 affects their depressive and ADHD symptoms after family-level factors are accounted for, but a substantial impact on anxiety symptoms is unlikely.

An analysis of national survey data shows that vitamin A might protect against malaria infection, an effect potentially modified by seasonality, and that no routine vaccinations were linked to parasitemia, though BCG vaccination was associated with PfHRP-2 antigenemia.