Area V2 in macaque monkeys contributes to the perception of the outlines of moving objects and achieves this through a local computation.

V2 and V4 contain orthogonal maps of orientation and spatial frequency, which indicates a fundamental principle of functional mapping across the cortical surface that ensures and optimizes the complete representation of all combinations across two coding dimensions.

The representation of the retina in early visual cortex shows that human brains have diverse functional organizations, raising questions about developmental mechanisms for visual map formation and how reliably these can be described by average templates.

Building on recent findings that central sensory processing allocates resources according to the informativeness of statistical features (Hermundstad et al., 2014), we identify visual area V2 as the site of the relevant computations for local image statistics, thus providing a common underpinning for diverse aspects of its neuronal selectivity.

V2 exhibits interdigitated columnar organizations for color and disparity that involved feedforward and feedback processing, while the texture selectivity is primarily driven by feedback modulations from V4.

HIV escapes human immune pressure through a single mutation in V2 domain of envelope protein leading to emergence of mutant-specific broadly reactive antibodies, a phenomenon recapitulated in combinatorial vaccine design.

Structural predictions using AlphaFold suggest a mechanism by which Wapl mediates cohesin's dissociation from chromatin, a process whose downregulation is essential for VDJ recombination and diverse protocadherin gene expression.

In vivo quantitative magnetic resonance imaging at ultra-high magnetic field reveals systematic differences of relaxation parameters (R₁) within the human secondary visual cortex at the level of the thin-thick-pale stripes system, which points toward higher cortical myelination of pale stripes.

The Cajal body is essential for plants to deploy antiviral DNA methylation.

A multiplexed retrograde virus tracing method captures single-neuron projectome and transcriptome simultaneously.