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A panel of serum biomarkers, including dietary and microbial-derived metabolites related to the gut-brain axis, were identified as potential for tracking children at risk of early childhood developmental delays.

Genomic analysis of initial SARS-CoV-2 waves in Kenya revealed Mombasa City as a key gateway for variants entering Coastal Kenya with onward inter-county transmission highlighting significance of surveillance in major cities for early warning of lineages entering local populations.

The burden of antimicrobial resistance in Thailand is deteriorating over time, and 19,122 deaths in the country in 2010 were excess deaths caused by multidrug-resistant bacterial infection.

Mobile genetic elements were identified and tracked as they exchanged between multidrug-resistant bacteria causing infections at a single hospital.

Antigenic drift in influenza’s major surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, contributes to variability in epidemic magnitude across seasons but is less influential than subtype interference in shaping annual outbreaks.

Low-burden does not mean low local transmission, and tailor-made strategies are needed to control TB based on the knowledge of the local transmission dynamics.

An in-depth exploratory analysis of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico during the first year of the epidemic provides an overview of different virus dynamics between the developing and developed world (represented by the USA and Mexico).

The sickle cell trait strongly protects against not only retinopathy-positive cerebral malaria but also retinopathy-negative cerebral malaria, providing evidence that malarial parasites also contribute to retinopathy-negative cerebral malaria and are not innocent bystanders.

Variation in the rate of mixed infections by malaria parasites and the relatedness structure among infecting strains reveals diversity in local epidemiological processes.

Analyses combining genomic and epidemiological data of Mycobacterium bovis, which causes bovine tuberculosis, revealed evidence of transmission within and between cattle and badger populations.